Pathophysiology Final NUR 2063 final
exam Questions and Answers | Latest
Version | 2024/2025 | 100% Pass
How can chronic inflammation lead to cancer development?
✔✔ Chronic inflammation can lead to cancer development by causing DNA damage, promoting
cellular proliferation, and creating an environment conducive to tumor growth.
What are the clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis?
✔✔ Clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis include difficulty breathing, swelling of the face and
throat, hives, rapid heartbeat, and gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting.
What is the difference between ischemia and infarction?
✔✔ Ischemia refers to a reduction in blood flow to tissues, while infarction is the result of
prolonged ischemia that causes tissue death.
How do electrolyte imbalances affect heart function?
✔✔ Electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia or hypocalcemia, can disrupt the electrical
activity of the heart, leading to arrhythmias and potentially life-threatening complications.
1
,What are the common complications associated with diabetes mellitus?
✔✔ Common complications associated with diabetes mellitus include cardiovascular disease,
neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and poor wound healing.
What mechanisms underlie the development of edema?
✔✔ Edema develops due to increased capillary permeability, elevated hydrostatic pressure,
decreased osmotic pressure, or lymphatic obstruction, leading to fluid accumulation in tissues.
What is the primary focus of pathophysiology?
✔✔ The primary focus of pathophysiology is to study the functional changes in the body that
occur as a result of a disease or pathological condition.
How does inflammation contribute to tissue repair?
✔✔ Inflammation contributes to tissue repair by increasing blood flow to the affected area,
bringing immune cells and nutrients that facilitate healing.
What are the common signs and symptoms of heart failure?
2
,✔✔ Common signs and symptoms of heart failure include shortness of breath, fatigue, edema,
and fluid retention.
What role does the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system play in blood pressure regulation?
✔✔ The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system helps regulate blood pressure by increasing blood
volume and constricting blood vessels, leading to elevated blood pressure.
How do autoimmune disorders develop?
✔✔ Autoimmune disorders develop when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own
cells, leading to inflammation and tissue damage.
What is the significance of blood glucose regulation in diabetes mellitus?
✔✔ Blood glucose regulation is crucial in diabetes mellitus as abnormal levels can lead to
complications such as cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, and kidney damage.
What are the main characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
✔✔ The main characteristics of COPD include persistent airflow limitation, chronic bronchitis,
and emphysema, which lead to breathing difficulties and reduced oxygen exchange.
3
, How does hypoxia affect cellular metabolism?
✔✔ Hypoxia impairs cellular metabolism by limiting oxygen availability, which affects ATP
production and can lead to cell injury or death.
What are the typical findings in a patient with acute kidney injury?
✔✔ Typical findings in acute kidney injury include decreased urine output, elevated blood urea
nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, and electrolyte imbalances.
What is the pathophysiology of hypertension?
✔✔ Hypertension involves increased vascular resistance and/or increased blood volume, leading
to elevated blood pressure that can cause damage to blood vessels and organs over time.
How does the body respond to acute stress?
✔✔ The body responds to acute stress through the activation of the sympathetic nervous system
and the release of stress hormones like adrenaline and cortisol, which prepare the body for a
"fight or flight" response.
What are the primary causes of liver cirrhosis?
4
exam Questions and Answers | Latest
Version | 2024/2025 | 100% Pass
How can chronic inflammation lead to cancer development?
✔✔ Chronic inflammation can lead to cancer development by causing DNA damage, promoting
cellular proliferation, and creating an environment conducive to tumor growth.
What are the clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis?
✔✔ Clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis include difficulty breathing, swelling of the face and
throat, hives, rapid heartbeat, and gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting.
What is the difference between ischemia and infarction?
✔✔ Ischemia refers to a reduction in blood flow to tissues, while infarction is the result of
prolonged ischemia that causes tissue death.
How do electrolyte imbalances affect heart function?
✔✔ Electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia or hypocalcemia, can disrupt the electrical
activity of the heart, leading to arrhythmias and potentially life-threatening complications.
1
,What are the common complications associated with diabetes mellitus?
✔✔ Common complications associated with diabetes mellitus include cardiovascular disease,
neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and poor wound healing.
What mechanisms underlie the development of edema?
✔✔ Edema develops due to increased capillary permeability, elevated hydrostatic pressure,
decreased osmotic pressure, or lymphatic obstruction, leading to fluid accumulation in tissues.
What is the primary focus of pathophysiology?
✔✔ The primary focus of pathophysiology is to study the functional changes in the body that
occur as a result of a disease or pathological condition.
How does inflammation contribute to tissue repair?
✔✔ Inflammation contributes to tissue repair by increasing blood flow to the affected area,
bringing immune cells and nutrients that facilitate healing.
What are the common signs and symptoms of heart failure?
2
,✔✔ Common signs and symptoms of heart failure include shortness of breath, fatigue, edema,
and fluid retention.
What role does the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system play in blood pressure regulation?
✔✔ The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system helps regulate blood pressure by increasing blood
volume and constricting blood vessels, leading to elevated blood pressure.
How do autoimmune disorders develop?
✔✔ Autoimmune disorders develop when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own
cells, leading to inflammation and tissue damage.
What is the significance of blood glucose regulation in diabetes mellitus?
✔✔ Blood glucose regulation is crucial in diabetes mellitus as abnormal levels can lead to
complications such as cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, and kidney damage.
What are the main characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
✔✔ The main characteristics of COPD include persistent airflow limitation, chronic bronchitis,
and emphysema, which lead to breathing difficulties and reduced oxygen exchange.
3
, How does hypoxia affect cellular metabolism?
✔✔ Hypoxia impairs cellular metabolism by limiting oxygen availability, which affects ATP
production and can lead to cell injury or death.
What are the typical findings in a patient with acute kidney injury?
✔✔ Typical findings in acute kidney injury include decreased urine output, elevated blood urea
nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, and electrolyte imbalances.
What is the pathophysiology of hypertension?
✔✔ Hypertension involves increased vascular resistance and/or increased blood volume, leading
to elevated blood pressure that can cause damage to blood vessels and organs over time.
How does the body respond to acute stress?
✔✔ The body responds to acute stress through the activation of the sympathetic nervous system
and the release of stress hormones like adrenaline and cortisol, which prepare the body for a
"fight or flight" response.
What are the primary causes of liver cirrhosis?
4
