FNP BOARDS FROM LEIK 3RD ED
(EXAM TIPS) QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Sensitivity - ✔✔A screening test is very good at identifying/detecting those people who
e e e e e e e e e e e e
e
have a disase
e e
-also known as a "true positive"
e e e e e
-"SSIN" for "rule in" e e e
Specificity - ✔✔A screening test is very good at identifying/detecting those people
e e e e e e e e e e e
e
without a disease e e
-also known as a "true negative"
e e e e e
-"SPOUT" for rule out e e e
Herpes Keratitis e
Fern-like - ✔✔H___ K___= Symptoms include acute onset of severe eye pain,
e e e e e e e e e e e
photophobia, tearing, and blurred vision in one eye.
e e e e e e e e
Diagnosed with fluorescein dye. Look for f___-like lines in the corneal surface.
e e e e e e e e e e e
acute angle closure glaucoma
e e e
Halos
Cloudy
Cupping - ✔✔A__ A___ C___ G___= symptoms include blurred Vision, headache,
e e e e e e e e e e
H___ around lights, nausea and vomiting. Generally seen in elderly patients. Pupils
e e e e e e e e e e e e
are mid-dilated and oval. The cornea is c____. Fundoscopic exam reveals c____ of
e e e e e e e e e e e e e
the optic nerve.
e e e
OCULAR EMERGENCY - refer to ED. e e e e e
Proptosis - ✔✔P______= bulging of the eyeball.
e e e e e e
Retinal Detachment - ✔✔R____ D____= sudden onset of floaters and flashes of light.
e e e e e e e e e e e e
curtain vision. Refer to ED.
e e e e e
Cholesteatoma - ✔✔C_____= "cauliflower-like" growth accompanied by foul smelling
e e e e e e e e
ear discharge. Hearing loss on affected ear.
e e e e e e e
,On examination no tympanic membrane or ossicles are visible because of the the
e e e e e e e e e e e e
destruction by the tumor. History of recurrent ear infection (otitis media) common.
e e e e e e e e e e e e
Non-cancerous. Refer to an ENT.
e e e e e
Battle sign - ✔✔B___ S____= Bruising behind an ear over the mastoid process that
e e e e e e e e e e e e e
may indicate a skull fracture. Also known as "racoon eyes". Refer to ED.
e e e e e e e e e e e e e
Odynophagia - ✔✔O______= pain on swallowing e e e e e
Diptheria
Bull Neck - ✔✔D____= sore throat, fever, and markedly swollen neck ("B____ Neck").
e e e e e e e e e e e e
Very contagious and contact prophylaxis required. Refer to ED
e e e e e e e e e
veins are larger than arteries - ✔✔Fundi= ____ are larger than ______; veins are
e e e e e e e e e e e e e
darker in color than arteries.
e e e e e
Cones - ✔✔for color perception and sharp vision
e e e e e e e
Rods - ✔✔for detecting light and shadows, night vision
e e e e e e e e
Macula/Fovea - ✔✔M____/Fovea= responsible for central vision; fovea determine
e e e e e e e e
20/20 vision (sharpest).
e e e
Presbyopia - ✔✔P_____= age-related farsightedness caused by loss of elasticity of
e e e e e e e e e e
the lens of the eye (loss of accomodation due to stiffening of the lens) occurring
e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e
typically in middle and old age.
e e e e e e
Stapes - ✔✔S____= "stirrup"; inner of the 3 ossicles of the middle ear. THE
e e e e e e e e e e e e e
SMALLEST BONE IN THE BODY.
e e e e e
inferior nasal turbinates
e e
allergic rhinitis - ✔✔Generally only the i____ nasal turbinate is visible.
e e e e e e e e e e
Blueish-pale, and/or boggy nasal turbinates are seen in a____ rhinitis.
e e e e e e e e e
Dilantin - ✔✔also known as Phenytoin may cause gingival hyperplasia in patients
e e e e e e e e e e e
taking this medicaiton
e e e
glossitis - ✔✔G___= inflammation of the tongue
e e e e e e
Leukoplakia - ✔✔L_____= thickened, white, leathery-looking spots on the inside of the
e e e e e e e e e e e
mouth that can develop into oral cancer. Commonly seen in smokers.
e e e e e e e e e e e
Aphthlous stomatitis - ✔✔A____ S____= canker sores. generally heal within 7-10
e e e e e e e e e e
days. Cause is unknown.
e e e e
,milk - ✔✔Avulsed tooth: store in cool m___ (no ice) and see dentist as soon as
e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e
possible for re-implantation.
e e e
mononucleosis
strep throat - ✔✔Tonsil Conditions
e e e e
-Thick white exudate= M______
e e e
-Purulent (pus-like) exudate that is yellow to green color= S____ T____
e e e e e e e e e e
Geographic Tongue - ✔✔G____ T___= tongue appearance with creases, bends, and
e e e e e e e e e e
unusual appearance "map-like appearance"; tends to occur in people with allergic
e e e e e e e e e e e
disease but has no significant pathology. May complain of soreness with acidic foods
e e e e e e e e e e e e e
Torus Palatinus - ✔✔a painless bony protuberance in the midline of the hard palate.
e e e e e e e e e e e e e
May be asymmetrical. Does not interfere with normal function.
e e e e e e e e e
Hypertensive Retinopathy - ✔✔H___ R____= destructive retinal changes caused by
e e e e e e e e e
e
hypertension. Copper and silver wire arterioles (arteriosclerosis), arteriovenous nicking
e e e e e e e e
e
(when arteriosclerotic arteriole crosses retinal vein), and retinal hemorrhages (flame-
e e e e e e e e e
like).
Cotton Wool - ✔✔Diabetic Retinopathy= microaneurysms cause by neovascularization.
e e e e e e e e
C_____ W____ Spots are a key characteristic.
e e e e e e e
Koplik Spots e
measles - ✔✔K____ spots= clusters of small, red-white papules with white centers on
e e e e e e e e e e e e
red base. They are found on the buccal mucosa by the rear molars; an early sign of
e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e
m_______
e
HIV - ✔✔Hairy Leukoplakia can be cause by H__ infection or Epstein-Barr Virus
e e e e e e e e e e e e
(mononucleosis)
e
Cheilosis
B12 - ✔✔a disorder of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the
e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e
e
mouth
-Check for B-__ deficiency e e e
-If yeast infection suspected utilize KOH testing
e e e e e e
-If staph infection suspected, complete a C&S and treat with topical mupirocin ointment
e e e e e e e e e e e e
hyperopia - ✔✔farsightedness; distance vision intact and near vision blurry
e e e e e e e e e
Myopia - ✔✔nearsightedness; near vision intact and distance vision blurry
e e e e e e e e e
Legal Blindness - ✔✔20/200 on the snellen chart
e e e e e e e
Weber Test - ✔✔Place tuning fork midline on the forehead.
e e e e e e e e e
Normal= no lateralizations (hears the sound in both ears).
e e e e e e e e
, Rinne Test - ✔✔Place tuning fork first on mastoid process, then at the front of the ear.
e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e
Time each area.
e e e
Normal= air conduction lasts longer than bone conduction.
e e e e e e e
sensorineural hearing loss e e
Air Conduction > Bone Conduction - ✔✔S____ hearing loss= Lateralization to
e e e e e e e e e e e
"good" ear (sound is heard louder in the ear that is normal)= weber test
e e e e e e e e e e e e e
(presbycusis meniere's disease) e e
__ conduction > ____ conduction= Rinne Test
e e e e e e
Conductive hearing loss e e
Bone conduction > Air Conduction - ✔✔C___ hearing loss= lateralization to "bad" ear
e e e e e e e e e e e e
e
(sound is heard louder in the affected ear)= Weber test
e e e e e e e e e
(otitis media, serous otitis media, ceruminosis, and perforation of the tympanic
e e e e e e e e e e
e
membrane).
___ conduction > ___ conduction= Rinne Test
e e e e e e
Chelazion - ✔✔Disorder of the meibomian glands (sweat gland in eye); non-infectious
e e e e e e e e e e e
obstruction of the gland.
e e e e
Pinguecula - ✔✔yellowish mass on the conjunctiva that may be related to exposure to
e e e e e e e e e e e e e
ultraviolet light, dry climates, and dust
e e e e e e
Pterygium - ✔✔thin tissue growing into the cornea from the conjunctiva, usually
e e e e e e e e e e e
caused from sun exposure. Also known as "swimmers eye"
e e e e e e e e e
mononucleosis
amoxicillin - ✔✔Acute and reactivated infectious _______ can present with generalized
e e e e e e e e e e
maculopapular rash, enlarged tonsils with cryptic exudate (white or darker color), sore
e e e e e e e e e e e e
throat, enlarged cervical nodes that are tender to touch. Avoid giving a______ in
e e e e e e e e e e e e e
patients who have strep throat during infectious mononucleosis as patients are at
e e e e e e e e e e e e
increased risk for drug associated rash (70-90%)
e e e e e e e
Cortisporin Otic Drop - ✔✔Treatment for otitis externa is C_____ Otic Drops (topical
e e e e e e e e e e e e
antibiotic) combined with a steroid.
e e e e e
P. aeruginosa - ✔✔The most common bacteria causing otitis externa
e e e e e e e e e
macrolides
Cephalosporins - ✔✔Penicillin-allergic patients, use _______ and gram-positive
e e e e e e e
coverage quinolones.
e e
Avoid c_____ if had class I reaction or anaphylaxis from penicillin.
e e e e e e e e e e
(EXAM TIPS) QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Sensitivity - ✔✔A screening test is very good at identifying/detecting those people who
e e e e e e e e e e e e
e
have a disase
e e
-also known as a "true positive"
e e e e e
-"SSIN" for "rule in" e e e
Specificity - ✔✔A screening test is very good at identifying/detecting those people
e e e e e e e e e e e
e
without a disease e e
-also known as a "true negative"
e e e e e
-"SPOUT" for rule out e e e
Herpes Keratitis e
Fern-like - ✔✔H___ K___= Symptoms include acute onset of severe eye pain,
e e e e e e e e e e e
photophobia, tearing, and blurred vision in one eye.
e e e e e e e e
Diagnosed with fluorescein dye. Look for f___-like lines in the corneal surface.
e e e e e e e e e e e
acute angle closure glaucoma
e e e
Halos
Cloudy
Cupping - ✔✔A__ A___ C___ G___= symptoms include blurred Vision, headache,
e e e e e e e e e e
H___ around lights, nausea and vomiting. Generally seen in elderly patients. Pupils
e e e e e e e e e e e e
are mid-dilated and oval. The cornea is c____. Fundoscopic exam reveals c____ of
e e e e e e e e e e e e e
the optic nerve.
e e e
OCULAR EMERGENCY - refer to ED. e e e e e
Proptosis - ✔✔P______= bulging of the eyeball.
e e e e e e
Retinal Detachment - ✔✔R____ D____= sudden onset of floaters and flashes of light.
e e e e e e e e e e e e
curtain vision. Refer to ED.
e e e e e
Cholesteatoma - ✔✔C_____= "cauliflower-like" growth accompanied by foul smelling
e e e e e e e e
ear discharge. Hearing loss on affected ear.
e e e e e e e
,On examination no tympanic membrane or ossicles are visible because of the the
e e e e e e e e e e e e
destruction by the tumor. History of recurrent ear infection (otitis media) common.
e e e e e e e e e e e e
Non-cancerous. Refer to an ENT.
e e e e e
Battle sign - ✔✔B___ S____= Bruising behind an ear over the mastoid process that
e e e e e e e e e e e e e
may indicate a skull fracture. Also known as "racoon eyes". Refer to ED.
e e e e e e e e e e e e e
Odynophagia - ✔✔O______= pain on swallowing e e e e e
Diptheria
Bull Neck - ✔✔D____= sore throat, fever, and markedly swollen neck ("B____ Neck").
e e e e e e e e e e e e
Very contagious and contact prophylaxis required. Refer to ED
e e e e e e e e e
veins are larger than arteries - ✔✔Fundi= ____ are larger than ______; veins are
e e e e e e e e e e e e e
darker in color than arteries.
e e e e e
Cones - ✔✔for color perception and sharp vision
e e e e e e e
Rods - ✔✔for detecting light and shadows, night vision
e e e e e e e e
Macula/Fovea - ✔✔M____/Fovea= responsible for central vision; fovea determine
e e e e e e e e
20/20 vision (sharpest).
e e e
Presbyopia - ✔✔P_____= age-related farsightedness caused by loss of elasticity of
e e e e e e e e e e
the lens of the eye (loss of accomodation due to stiffening of the lens) occurring
e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e
typically in middle and old age.
e e e e e e
Stapes - ✔✔S____= "stirrup"; inner of the 3 ossicles of the middle ear. THE
e e e e e e e e e e e e e
SMALLEST BONE IN THE BODY.
e e e e e
inferior nasal turbinates
e e
allergic rhinitis - ✔✔Generally only the i____ nasal turbinate is visible.
e e e e e e e e e e
Blueish-pale, and/or boggy nasal turbinates are seen in a____ rhinitis.
e e e e e e e e e
Dilantin - ✔✔also known as Phenytoin may cause gingival hyperplasia in patients
e e e e e e e e e e e
taking this medicaiton
e e e
glossitis - ✔✔G___= inflammation of the tongue
e e e e e e
Leukoplakia - ✔✔L_____= thickened, white, leathery-looking spots on the inside of the
e e e e e e e e e e e
mouth that can develop into oral cancer. Commonly seen in smokers.
e e e e e e e e e e e
Aphthlous stomatitis - ✔✔A____ S____= canker sores. generally heal within 7-10
e e e e e e e e e e
days. Cause is unknown.
e e e e
,milk - ✔✔Avulsed tooth: store in cool m___ (no ice) and see dentist as soon as
e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e
possible for re-implantation.
e e e
mononucleosis
strep throat - ✔✔Tonsil Conditions
e e e e
-Thick white exudate= M______
e e e
-Purulent (pus-like) exudate that is yellow to green color= S____ T____
e e e e e e e e e e
Geographic Tongue - ✔✔G____ T___= tongue appearance with creases, bends, and
e e e e e e e e e e
unusual appearance "map-like appearance"; tends to occur in people with allergic
e e e e e e e e e e e
disease but has no significant pathology. May complain of soreness with acidic foods
e e e e e e e e e e e e e
Torus Palatinus - ✔✔a painless bony protuberance in the midline of the hard palate.
e e e e e e e e e e e e e
May be asymmetrical. Does not interfere with normal function.
e e e e e e e e e
Hypertensive Retinopathy - ✔✔H___ R____= destructive retinal changes caused by
e e e e e e e e e
e
hypertension. Copper and silver wire arterioles (arteriosclerosis), arteriovenous nicking
e e e e e e e e
e
(when arteriosclerotic arteriole crosses retinal vein), and retinal hemorrhages (flame-
e e e e e e e e e
like).
Cotton Wool - ✔✔Diabetic Retinopathy= microaneurysms cause by neovascularization.
e e e e e e e e
C_____ W____ Spots are a key characteristic.
e e e e e e e
Koplik Spots e
measles - ✔✔K____ spots= clusters of small, red-white papules with white centers on
e e e e e e e e e e e e
red base. They are found on the buccal mucosa by the rear molars; an early sign of
e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e
m_______
e
HIV - ✔✔Hairy Leukoplakia can be cause by H__ infection or Epstein-Barr Virus
e e e e e e e e e e e e
(mononucleosis)
e
Cheilosis
B12 - ✔✔a disorder of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the
e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e
e
mouth
-Check for B-__ deficiency e e e
-If yeast infection suspected utilize KOH testing
e e e e e e
-If staph infection suspected, complete a C&S and treat with topical mupirocin ointment
e e e e e e e e e e e e
hyperopia - ✔✔farsightedness; distance vision intact and near vision blurry
e e e e e e e e e
Myopia - ✔✔nearsightedness; near vision intact and distance vision blurry
e e e e e e e e e
Legal Blindness - ✔✔20/200 on the snellen chart
e e e e e e e
Weber Test - ✔✔Place tuning fork midline on the forehead.
e e e e e e e e e
Normal= no lateralizations (hears the sound in both ears).
e e e e e e e e
, Rinne Test - ✔✔Place tuning fork first on mastoid process, then at the front of the ear.
e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e
Time each area.
e e e
Normal= air conduction lasts longer than bone conduction.
e e e e e e e
sensorineural hearing loss e e
Air Conduction > Bone Conduction - ✔✔S____ hearing loss= Lateralization to
e e e e e e e e e e e
"good" ear (sound is heard louder in the ear that is normal)= weber test
e e e e e e e e e e e e e
(presbycusis meniere's disease) e e
__ conduction > ____ conduction= Rinne Test
e e e e e e
Conductive hearing loss e e
Bone conduction > Air Conduction - ✔✔C___ hearing loss= lateralization to "bad" ear
e e e e e e e e e e e e
e
(sound is heard louder in the affected ear)= Weber test
e e e e e e e e e
(otitis media, serous otitis media, ceruminosis, and perforation of the tympanic
e e e e e e e e e e
e
membrane).
___ conduction > ___ conduction= Rinne Test
e e e e e e
Chelazion - ✔✔Disorder of the meibomian glands (sweat gland in eye); non-infectious
e e e e e e e e e e e
obstruction of the gland.
e e e e
Pinguecula - ✔✔yellowish mass on the conjunctiva that may be related to exposure to
e e e e e e e e e e e e e
ultraviolet light, dry climates, and dust
e e e e e e
Pterygium - ✔✔thin tissue growing into the cornea from the conjunctiva, usually
e e e e e e e e e e e
caused from sun exposure. Also known as "swimmers eye"
e e e e e e e e e
mononucleosis
amoxicillin - ✔✔Acute and reactivated infectious _______ can present with generalized
e e e e e e e e e e
maculopapular rash, enlarged tonsils with cryptic exudate (white or darker color), sore
e e e e e e e e e e e e
throat, enlarged cervical nodes that are tender to touch. Avoid giving a______ in
e e e e e e e e e e e e e
patients who have strep throat during infectious mononucleosis as patients are at
e e e e e e e e e e e e
increased risk for drug associated rash (70-90%)
e e e e e e e
Cortisporin Otic Drop - ✔✔Treatment for otitis externa is C_____ Otic Drops (topical
e e e e e e e e e e e e
antibiotic) combined with a steroid.
e e e e e
P. aeruginosa - ✔✔The most common bacteria causing otitis externa
e e e e e e e e e
macrolides
Cephalosporins - ✔✔Penicillin-allergic patients, use _______ and gram-positive
e e e e e e e
coverage quinolones.
e e
Avoid c_____ if had class I reaction or anaphylaxis from penicillin.
e e e e e e e e e e
