Bio 240 Plant Section || 100% SOLVED QUESTIONS.
Charyphyta correct answers algae, most related to land plants due to similar photosynthetic
pigments, cell wall chemistry, storage products, MIOTIC CHARACTERISTICS, and
distinctive enzyme systems
Sporophyte correct answers diploid stage, which produces haploid spores by meiosis
Gametophyte correct answers haploid stage, which produces gametes by mitosis
What are plant cell walls composed of? correct answers Cellulose
What is the main nutrition mode for plants? correct answers they are autotrophic by
photosynthesis, which occurs in the chlorophyll in the chloroplast
What are the two main vascular tissues in plants? correct answers Xylem and phloem
Name a species in the Hepaticophyta phylum seen in class correct answers Liverworts
Name a species in the Bryophyta phylum seen in lab correct answers Mosses
Name a species in the Anthocerophyta phylum correct answers Hornworts
Key points to remember about Primitive plants; mosses, liverworts, hornworts correct
answers -Their gametophyte stage is DOMINANT
-lack true vascular tissue
-Differentiated leaves, stems and roots
-have flagellated sperm (still need water to reproduce like algae relatives)
-all HOMOSPORUS
What are the two types of Hepaticophyta (liverworts)? correct answers -Thalloid (ribbon-
shaped thallus with irregular branching (merchantia)
-Leafy liverworts divided into segments that resemble leaves
Features of Bryophyta (mosses) correct answers more or less erect, elongated cells in stem
act as vascular system: Look for rhizoids attached to basal portion, gametophyte with
attached sporophyte
Key points to remember about Primitive Vascular plants correct answers -THEY HAVE
XYLEM AND PHLOEM for transport of sugar and water
-sporophyte stage is dominant
-gametophyte is reduced but still free living organism
-all contain vascular tissue, stems, roots, leaves, and specialized reproductive organs
-some have strobili
- can be heterosporus, homosporus, or both
What are strobili? correct answers reproductive structures called cones
What phyla are included in the primitive vascular plants? correct answers Psilophytes (whisk
ferns)
, Lycophyta (club mosses)
Sphenophyta (horsetails)
Pterophyta (ferns)
What do horsetails have for anti-herbivory? correct answers SILICA!
are selaginella heterosporous or homosporous? correct answers heterosporous
are huperzia homosporous or heterosporous? correct answers homosporous
Define Homospory correct answers -The sporophyte produces a single type of sporangium
-Sporangium then produces a single type of spore mother cell (SMC)
-SMC undergoes meiosis to produce four haploid spores capable of becoming multicellular
gametophytes which may produce both antheridia and archegonia within same gametophytes
Define Heterospory correct answers -Sporophyte produces two types of sporangia/ separation
of sexes:
-Microsporangia contain microspore mother cells each of which undergoes meiosis forming
microspores- grow into microgametophytes that posses antheridia (male); microspores are
smaller since need to travel further from sporophyte
-Megasporangia contain megaspore mother cells-undergoes meiosis forming megaspores
that grow into megagametophytes with archegonia (female portion); female portion bigger
since required more nutrients/energy to produce eggs
Endosporic Development correct answers -Megaspores "germinate" on the ground the
resulting megagmetophyte does not leave the megaspore
-it is retained throughout its development within the megasporangial wall
-this is a significant evolutionary trend toward further protection of the megagametophyte,
most advanced in SEED PLANTS
-megagametophytes are retained inside ovules, female parental tissue provides developing
embryo with nutrients (sugars & amino acids)=SEED
Reproductive adaptations in Conifers (pinus) correct answers -Conifers are the most
numerous gymnosperms today with pines among most advance
-Evolution of the seed occurred through a reduction in the female gametophyte stage and its
retention in/on the sporophyte
-The evolution of pollination occurred through the dispersal of the male gametophyte
what is germination? correct answers Germination in plants is the process by which a
dormant seed begins to sprout and grow into a seedling under the right growing conditions.
Gymnosperm Sporophyte correct answers =tree or bush (dominant stage)
-Cone/Strobilus from sporophyte composed of sporangia-bearing scales (modified leaves)
Sporangia on undersurface of the microsporophyll on the scales are microsporangia which
produce microspores that remain in the microsporangium and develop into the
microgametophyte
define microsporophyll correct answers modified leaves that bear sporangia
Define abiotic pollination correct answers wind or water
Charyphyta correct answers algae, most related to land plants due to similar photosynthetic
pigments, cell wall chemistry, storage products, MIOTIC CHARACTERISTICS, and
distinctive enzyme systems
Sporophyte correct answers diploid stage, which produces haploid spores by meiosis
Gametophyte correct answers haploid stage, which produces gametes by mitosis
What are plant cell walls composed of? correct answers Cellulose
What is the main nutrition mode for plants? correct answers they are autotrophic by
photosynthesis, which occurs in the chlorophyll in the chloroplast
What are the two main vascular tissues in plants? correct answers Xylem and phloem
Name a species in the Hepaticophyta phylum seen in class correct answers Liverworts
Name a species in the Bryophyta phylum seen in lab correct answers Mosses
Name a species in the Anthocerophyta phylum correct answers Hornworts
Key points to remember about Primitive plants; mosses, liverworts, hornworts correct
answers -Their gametophyte stage is DOMINANT
-lack true vascular tissue
-Differentiated leaves, stems and roots
-have flagellated sperm (still need water to reproduce like algae relatives)
-all HOMOSPORUS
What are the two types of Hepaticophyta (liverworts)? correct answers -Thalloid (ribbon-
shaped thallus with irregular branching (merchantia)
-Leafy liverworts divided into segments that resemble leaves
Features of Bryophyta (mosses) correct answers more or less erect, elongated cells in stem
act as vascular system: Look for rhizoids attached to basal portion, gametophyte with
attached sporophyte
Key points to remember about Primitive Vascular plants correct answers -THEY HAVE
XYLEM AND PHLOEM for transport of sugar and water
-sporophyte stage is dominant
-gametophyte is reduced but still free living organism
-all contain vascular tissue, stems, roots, leaves, and specialized reproductive organs
-some have strobili
- can be heterosporus, homosporus, or both
What are strobili? correct answers reproductive structures called cones
What phyla are included in the primitive vascular plants? correct answers Psilophytes (whisk
ferns)
, Lycophyta (club mosses)
Sphenophyta (horsetails)
Pterophyta (ferns)
What do horsetails have for anti-herbivory? correct answers SILICA!
are selaginella heterosporous or homosporous? correct answers heterosporous
are huperzia homosporous or heterosporous? correct answers homosporous
Define Homospory correct answers -The sporophyte produces a single type of sporangium
-Sporangium then produces a single type of spore mother cell (SMC)
-SMC undergoes meiosis to produce four haploid spores capable of becoming multicellular
gametophytes which may produce both antheridia and archegonia within same gametophytes
Define Heterospory correct answers -Sporophyte produces two types of sporangia/ separation
of sexes:
-Microsporangia contain microspore mother cells each of which undergoes meiosis forming
microspores- grow into microgametophytes that posses antheridia (male); microspores are
smaller since need to travel further from sporophyte
-Megasporangia contain megaspore mother cells-undergoes meiosis forming megaspores
that grow into megagametophytes with archegonia (female portion); female portion bigger
since required more nutrients/energy to produce eggs
Endosporic Development correct answers -Megaspores "germinate" on the ground the
resulting megagmetophyte does not leave the megaspore
-it is retained throughout its development within the megasporangial wall
-this is a significant evolutionary trend toward further protection of the megagametophyte,
most advanced in SEED PLANTS
-megagametophytes are retained inside ovules, female parental tissue provides developing
embryo with nutrients (sugars & amino acids)=SEED
Reproductive adaptations in Conifers (pinus) correct answers -Conifers are the most
numerous gymnosperms today with pines among most advance
-Evolution of the seed occurred through a reduction in the female gametophyte stage and its
retention in/on the sporophyte
-The evolution of pollination occurred through the dispersal of the male gametophyte
what is germination? correct answers Germination in plants is the process by which a
dormant seed begins to sprout and grow into a seedling under the right growing conditions.
Gymnosperm Sporophyte correct answers =tree or bush (dominant stage)
-Cone/Strobilus from sporophyte composed of sporangia-bearing scales (modified leaves)
Sporangia on undersurface of the microsporophyll on the scales are microsporangia which
produce microspores that remain in the microsporangium and develop into the
microgametophyte
define microsporophyll correct answers modified leaves that bear sporangia
Define abiotic pollination correct answers wind or water
