Exam (elaborations) Psychopharmacology

adrenergic️️Adjectival form of adrenaline, also called epinephrine (EPI). May be used broadly to include both NE- and EPI-related features. albuterol (Ventolin)️️Drug that selectively stimulates the β-adrenoceptor. It is used in asthma treatments. α-methyl-para-tyrosine (AMPT)️️Drug that inhibits TH activity, thereby reducing catecholamine synthesis. amphetamine️️Psychostimulant that acts by increasing catecholamine release in nerve cells. apomorphine️️Drug that is a D1 and D2 receptor agonist and causes behavioral activation. It may also be used to treat erectile dysfunction by acting through DA receptors in the brain to increase penile blood flow. aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC)️️Enzyme that catalyzes the removal of a carboxyl group from certain amino acids. It is responsible for the conversion of DOPA to DA in catecholaminergic neurons and the conversion of 5-HTP to 5-HT in serotonergic neurons. atomoxetine (Strattera)️️Selective norepinephrine uptake inhibitor used in the treatment of ADHD. behavioral supersensitivity️️An increased response to a drug treatment as a direct result of previous drug history or drug intake. biogenic amine️️A transmitter that is made by a living organism and contains at least one amine group. catalepsy️️State characterized by a lack of spontaneous movement. It is usually associated with D2 receptor blockers (a DA receptor subtype), but can also be induced with a D1 blocker. catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)️️One of the enzymes responsible for metabolic breakdown of catecholamines. catecholamines️️Group of neurotransmitters and hormones characterized by two chemical similarities: a core structure of catechol and a nitrogen-containing amine. They belong to a wider group of transmitters called monoamines or biogenic amines. clonidine (Catapres)️️An α2-adrenergic agonist that stimulates autoreceptors and inhibits noradrenergic cell firing. It is used to reduce symptoms of opioid withdrawal. cocaine️️Stimulant drug that blocks reuptake of DA, NE, and 5-HT by neurons, thereby increasing their concentration in the synaptic cleft. DA transporter (DAT)️️Protein in the membrane of dopaminergic neurons that is responsible for DA uptake from the synaptic cleft. dexmedetomidine (Precedex)️️Drug that stimulates α2-receptors, characterized by its sedative, anxiolytic, and analgesic effects. It is used to treat surgical patients in intensive care. dopamine (DA)️️Neurotransmitter, related to NE and EPI, that belongs to a group called catecholamines. dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH)️️Enzyme that catalyzes the third step of NE synthesis in neurons, the conversion of DA to NE. dopaminergic️️Adjectival form of DA. entacapone (Comtan)️️COMT inhibitor used in conjunction with l-DOPA to treat Parkinson's disease. guanfacine (Intuniv)️️α2A-adrenergic agonist prescribed for the treatment of ADHD. Guanfacine is believed to improve attention and memory by stimulat