BIO 669 Renal Complete Mock Exam –
VERIFIED Questions and Answers
2024/2025
What is the primary function of the kidneys in the human body?
To filter blood and produce urine.
How do the kidneys regulate blood pressure?
By adjusting blood volume and releasing renin.
What is the role of nephron in the renal system?
It is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine.
What is the significance of glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
It indicates how well the kidneys are filtering blood.
What condition is characterized by the presence of protein in urine?
Proteinuria.
How does chronic kidney disease (CKD) affect electrolyte balance?
It can lead to imbalances, such as hyperkalemia or hypocalcemia.
1
, What is the role of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
It helps regulate blood pressure and GFR.
What are common causes of acute kidney injury (AKI)?
Dehydration, obstruction, or toxic exposure.
How does diabetes mellitus contribute to renal pathology?
It causes diabetic nephropathy due to high blood glucose levels damaging the kidneys.
What is the significance of the renal threshold for glucose?
It determines the maximum glucose concentration that can be reabsorbed before spilling into
urine.
How does hypertension affect renal function?
It can cause damage to the renal blood vessels, leading to CKD.
What is the pathophysiology behind nephrotic syndrome?
It involves damage to the glomeruli, leading to significant protein loss in urine.
What are the signs and symptoms of renal failure?
Fatigue, swelling, decreased urine output, and confusion.
2
VERIFIED Questions and Answers
2024/2025
What is the primary function of the kidneys in the human body?
To filter blood and produce urine.
How do the kidneys regulate blood pressure?
By adjusting blood volume and releasing renin.
What is the role of nephron in the renal system?
It is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine.
What is the significance of glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
It indicates how well the kidneys are filtering blood.
What condition is characterized by the presence of protein in urine?
Proteinuria.
How does chronic kidney disease (CKD) affect electrolyte balance?
It can lead to imbalances, such as hyperkalemia or hypocalcemia.
1
, What is the role of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
It helps regulate blood pressure and GFR.
What are common causes of acute kidney injury (AKI)?
Dehydration, obstruction, or toxic exposure.
How does diabetes mellitus contribute to renal pathology?
It causes diabetic nephropathy due to high blood glucose levels damaging the kidneys.
What is the significance of the renal threshold for glucose?
It determines the maximum glucose concentration that can be reabsorbed before spilling into
urine.
How does hypertension affect renal function?
It can cause damage to the renal blood vessels, leading to CKD.
What is the pathophysiology behind nephrotic syndrome?
It involves damage to the glomeruli, leading to significant protein loss in urine.
What are the signs and symptoms of renal failure?
Fatigue, swelling, decreased urine output, and confusion.
2
