KSR EKG Fundamentals Cardiac arrest
Exam Questions with Complete
Solutions
A 77-year-old woman has experienced a cardiac arrest. The cardiac monitor reveals
asystole. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is ongoing.
Which of the following is the most important action to take at this time? - Answer-A:
Establish vascular access and administer epinephrine
R: Asystole is a non-shockable rhythm. Administer epinephrine as soon as possible
after establishing vascular access and then consider the insertion of an advanced
airway.
Analyze the rhythm after two minutes of CPR. Administer epinephrine every 3 to 5
minutes if the patient has no pulse. Consider possible reversible causes of the arrest
(e.g., hypoxia, hypovolemia).
To control the ventricular rate, the initial management of the hemodynamically stable
patient with atrial fibrillation/flutter with a rapid ventricular response may include: -
Answer-A: An IV calcium channel blocker or an IV beta-blocker
R: Hemodynamically stable patients with atrial fibrillation/flutter with a rapid ventricular
response can be treated with medications to control the ventricular rate, such as an IV
calcium channel blocker (e.g., diltiazem, verapamil) or an IV beta-blocker (e.g.,
metoprolol, esmolol).
A 54-year-old man presents with a sudden onset of dyspnea on exertion and
hypotension.
The cardiac monitor reveals a narrow-QRS bradycardia at 44 beats/minute. Because
his oxygen saturation on room air was 90%, supplemental oxygen has been applied and
IV access established. Which of the following actions would be appropriate at this time?
- Answer-A: Attempt to identify reversible causes and give atropine.
R: Initial treatment of symptomatic bradycardia includes administering oxygen if needed,
establishing IV access, assessing and treating potentially reversible causes, and
obtaining a 12-lead ECG, if time permits. If signs of hemodynamic compromise are
present, IV atropine is recommended to increase heart rate.
How is systole identified on an ECG? - Answer-No electrical impulse is present.
, In third degree AV block, conduction fails at which of the following locations? - Answer-
AV node
The NBG code "VVI" describes a pacemaker with what? - Answer-Ventricular pacing,
ventricular sensing, and an inhibited response
Second degree Mobitz Type I blocks are characterized by the presence of what on the
ECG? - Answer-Increasingly prolonged PR intervals
QRS complexes are missing in ventricular arrest due to the lack of what? - Answer-In
third degree AV block, a secondary rhythm occurs below which of the following?
Mobitz Type I and Type II blocks are both characterized by what on the ECG? - Answer-
Display P waves without QRS complexes following
If the ECG rhythm strip of a pacemaker patient has no pacemaker spikes, this may be
due to what? - Answer-Failure to pace
What is the primary diagnostic feature used to identify AV block? - Answer-PR interval
If an ECG rhythm strip of a pacemaker patient has inappropriate spikes that are not
sensing P or R intervals, this may be due to what? - Answer-Undersensing
What are the steps to identifying an EKG rhythm - Answer-1. Rhythm (regular/irregular)
2. HR (Fast or slow)
3. P-waves (present/upright/ regular)
4. PR interval (0.12-0.20) *PRI>0.20= 1st D. AV block
5. QRS interval (0.04-0.10)
*QRS >0.12= BBB
6. T Wave? >1 mm (sm box) in 2 leads
7. QT Interval? Norm= 0.36-0.44 (certain meds prolong- risk TDP)
Normal PR interval - Answer-0.12-0.20 seconds
Normal QRS - Answer-0.04-0.10
Normal QT interval - Answer-0.36-0.44
Identifying Idioventricular Rhythms - Answer-Wide and slow, you have an Idio-
ventricular
Exam Questions with Complete
Solutions
A 77-year-old woman has experienced a cardiac arrest. The cardiac monitor reveals
asystole. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is ongoing.
Which of the following is the most important action to take at this time? - Answer-A:
Establish vascular access and administer epinephrine
R: Asystole is a non-shockable rhythm. Administer epinephrine as soon as possible
after establishing vascular access and then consider the insertion of an advanced
airway.
Analyze the rhythm after two minutes of CPR. Administer epinephrine every 3 to 5
minutes if the patient has no pulse. Consider possible reversible causes of the arrest
(e.g., hypoxia, hypovolemia).
To control the ventricular rate, the initial management of the hemodynamically stable
patient with atrial fibrillation/flutter with a rapid ventricular response may include: -
Answer-A: An IV calcium channel blocker or an IV beta-blocker
R: Hemodynamically stable patients with atrial fibrillation/flutter with a rapid ventricular
response can be treated with medications to control the ventricular rate, such as an IV
calcium channel blocker (e.g., diltiazem, verapamil) or an IV beta-blocker (e.g.,
metoprolol, esmolol).
A 54-year-old man presents with a sudden onset of dyspnea on exertion and
hypotension.
The cardiac monitor reveals a narrow-QRS bradycardia at 44 beats/minute. Because
his oxygen saturation on room air was 90%, supplemental oxygen has been applied and
IV access established. Which of the following actions would be appropriate at this time?
- Answer-A: Attempt to identify reversible causes and give atropine.
R: Initial treatment of symptomatic bradycardia includes administering oxygen if needed,
establishing IV access, assessing and treating potentially reversible causes, and
obtaining a 12-lead ECG, if time permits. If signs of hemodynamic compromise are
present, IV atropine is recommended to increase heart rate.
How is systole identified on an ECG? - Answer-No electrical impulse is present.
, In third degree AV block, conduction fails at which of the following locations? - Answer-
AV node
The NBG code "VVI" describes a pacemaker with what? - Answer-Ventricular pacing,
ventricular sensing, and an inhibited response
Second degree Mobitz Type I blocks are characterized by the presence of what on the
ECG? - Answer-Increasingly prolonged PR intervals
QRS complexes are missing in ventricular arrest due to the lack of what? - Answer-In
third degree AV block, a secondary rhythm occurs below which of the following?
Mobitz Type I and Type II blocks are both characterized by what on the ECG? - Answer-
Display P waves without QRS complexes following
If the ECG rhythm strip of a pacemaker patient has no pacemaker spikes, this may be
due to what? - Answer-Failure to pace
What is the primary diagnostic feature used to identify AV block? - Answer-PR interval
If an ECG rhythm strip of a pacemaker patient has inappropriate spikes that are not
sensing P or R intervals, this may be due to what? - Answer-Undersensing
What are the steps to identifying an EKG rhythm - Answer-1. Rhythm (regular/irregular)
2. HR (Fast or slow)
3. P-waves (present/upright/ regular)
4. PR interval (0.12-0.20) *PRI>0.20= 1st D. AV block
5. QRS interval (0.04-0.10)
*QRS >0.12= BBB
6. T Wave? >1 mm (sm box) in 2 leads
7. QT Interval? Norm= 0.36-0.44 (certain meds prolong- risk TDP)
Normal PR interval - Answer-0.12-0.20 seconds
Normal QRS - Answer-0.04-0.10
Normal QT interval - Answer-0.36-0.44
Identifying Idioventricular Rhythms - Answer-Wide and slow, you have an Idio-
ventricular
