Test Bank Memmlers Structure and Function of the Human Body 12th Edition Cohen

Test Bank Memmlers Structure and Function of the Human Body 12th Edition Cohen Chapter 01: Introduction to the Body MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The word derived from two word parts that mean ―cutting apart‖ is a. physiology b. homeostasis c. anatomy d. dissection ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 3 OBJ: 1 TOP: Introduction 2. The study of how the body functions is called a. physiology b. homeostasis c. anatomy d. dissection ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 3 OBJ: 1 TOP: Introduction 3. The correct sequence of the level of organization is a. cellular, chemical, tissue, organ b. chemical, cellular, tissue, organ c. chemical, cellular, organ, tissue d. chemical, tissue, cellular, organ ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 5 OBJ: 3 TOP: Structural levels of organization 4. The smallest living unit of structure is considered to be at the a. chemical level b. cellular level c. organ level d. tissue level ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 6 OBJ: 3 TOP: Structural levels of organization 5. The reference position for all body directional terms is the a. anatomical position b. prone position c. supine position d. sitting position ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 6-7 OBJ: 4 TOP: Anatomical position 6. The relationship between the knee and the ankle can be described as a. the knee is inferior to the ankle b. the knee is distal to the ankle c. the knee is proximal to the ankle d. both a and b above ANS: C DIF: Application REF: pp. 7-8 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 7. The relationship between the heart and the lungs can be described as a. the heart is distal to the lungs b. the heart is medial to the lungs c. the heart is lateral to the lungs d. both a and c above ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 8. The term most opposite proximal is a. medial b. superior c. anterior d. distal ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 9. Because humans walk in an upright position, the two terms that can be used interchangeably are a. posterior and ventral b. posterior and inferior c. posterior and superficial d. posterior and dorsal ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 10. The term most opposite medial is a. dorsal b. lateral c. superficial d. none of the above ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 11. The relationship between the skin and the muscles can be described as a. the skin is superficial to the muscle b. the muscle is superficial to the skin c. the muscle is deep to the skin d. both a and c above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 3 TOP: Anatomical directions 12. A cut dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions is called a a. sagittal section b. frontal section c. transverse section d. none of the above ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 5 TOP: Planes or body sections 13. A cut dividing the body into upper and lower portions is called a a. sagittal section b. frontal section c. transverse section d. coronal section ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 5 TOP: Planes or body sections 14. A cut dividing the body into right and left portions is called a a. sagittal section b. frontal section c. transverse section d. coronal section ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 8-9 OBJ: 5 TOP: Planes or body sections 15. The mediastinum is part of the a. dorsal cavity b. ventral cavity c. abdominal cavity d. both b and c above ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 16. The two major cavities of the body are the a. dorsal and ventral b. thoracic and abdominal c. pleural and mediastinum d. none of the above ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 17. The diaphragm divides the a. dorsal from the ventral cavity b. abdominal from the pelvic cavity c. thoracic from the abdominal cavity d. pleural from the mediastinum ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 18. The upper abdominopelvic regions include the a. right and left hypochondriac and umbilical b. right and left lumbar and umbilical c. right and left iliac and epigastric d. right and left hypochondriac and epigastric ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 10 OBJ: 7 TOP: Body cavities 19. The middle abdominopelvic regions include the a. right and left lumbar and umbilical b. right and left lumbar and epigastric c. right and left iliac and hypogastric d. right and left iliac and umbilical ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 10 OBJ: 7 TOP: Body cavities 20. The lower abdominopelvic regions include the a. right and left iliac and umbilical b. right and left lumbar and epigastric c. right and left lumbar and hypogastric d. right and left iliac and hypogastric ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 10 OBJ: 7 TOP: Body cavities 21. The brain is in the a. ventral cavity b. cranial cavity c. mediastinum d. none of the above ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 10 OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 22. The spinal cavity is part of the a. dorsal cavity b. ventral cavity c. cranial cavity d. none of the above ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 23. The left upper quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity includes all of the a. left lumbar region b. left iliac region c. left hypochondriac region d. left inguinal region ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 10 OBJ: 7 TOP: Body cavities 24. Using the maintaining of a constant temperature in a building as an example of a feedback loop, the thermometer would be an example of a(n) a. sensor b. control center c. effector d. positive feedback loop ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 14 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 25. Using the maintaining of a constant temperature in a building as an example of a feedback loop, the furnace would be an example of a(n) a. sensor b. control center c. effector d. positive feedback loop ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 14 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 26. Using the maintaining of a constant temperature in a building as an example of a feedback loop, the thermostat would be an example of a(n) a. sensor b. control center c. effector d. positive feedback loop ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 14 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 27. The abdominopelvic region that can be found in each of the four quadrants is the a. umbilical b. hypogastric c. epigastric d. left iliac ANS: A DIF: Application REF: p. 10 OBJ: 7 TOP: Body cavities 28. The lower right abdominopelvic quadrant includes all of the a. right hypochondriac region b. right lumbar region c. right iliac region d. right epigastric region ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 10 OBJ: 7 TOP: Body cavities 29. An example of a positive feedback loop would be a. maintaining proper body temperature b. forming a blood clot c. uterine contractions during childbirth d. both b and c above ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 15 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 30. An example of a negative feedback loop would be a. maintaining proper body temperature b. forming a blood clot c. uterine contractions during childbirth d. both b and c above ANS: A DIF: Application REF: p. 15 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 31. A midsagittal section through the head would divide a. the forehead from the chin b. the nose from the back of the head c. the right eye from the left eye d. none of the above ANS: C DIF: Application REF: pp. 8-9 OBJ: 5 TOP: Planes or body sections 32. A transverse section through the head would divide a. the forehead from the chin b. the nose from the back of the head c. the right eye from the left eye d. none of the above ANS: A DIF: Application REF: pp. 8-9 OBJ: 5 TOP: Planes or body sections 33. A frontal section through the head would divide a. the forehead from the chin b. the nose from the back of the head c. the right eye from the left eye d. none of the above ANS: B DIF: Application REF: pp. 8-9 OBJ: 5 TOP: Planes or body sections 34. If this kind of section were made through the center of the head, both the right and left eyes would be on the same section. a. Coronal section b. Midsagittal section c. Transverse section d. Both a and c above ANS: D DIF: Application REF: pp. 8-9 OBJ: 5 TOP: Planes or body sections 35. The relationship between an organ and organ system is similar to the relationship between a cell and a. an organism b. the cellular level of organization c. a tissue d. none of the above ANS: C DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 6 OBJ: 3 TOP: Structural levels of organization 36. The heart is an example of this level or organization. a. Tissue b. Organ c. Organ system d. Organism ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 4-5 OBJ: 3 TOP: Structural levels of organization 37. Blood vessels are examples of this level or organization. a. Organ system b. Tissue c. Organ d. Cellular ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 4-5 OBJ: 3 TOP: Structural levels of organization 38. On a directional rosette, a letter L would stand for a. ―left‖ if it is opposite the letter R b. ―lateral‖ if it is opposite the letter D c. ―lateral‖ if it is opposite the letter A d. ―lower‖ if it is opposite the letter U ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 7-8 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 39. Which of the following terms do not refer to a part of the head region? a. Olecranal b. Zygomatic c. Frontal d. All of the above terms refer to parts of the head ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) OBJ: 8 TOP: Body regions 40. Which of the following is not controlled by a negative feedback loop? a. Body temperature b. Blood oxygen concentration c. Fluid levels of the body d. Blood clot formation ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 15 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 41. The organ level of organization contains all of these lower levels. a. The cellular and tissue levels only b. The chemical and tissue levels only c. The chemical, cellular, and tissue levels only d. The chemical, cellular, tissue, and system levels ANS: C DIF: Application REF: pp. 5-6 OBJ: 3 TOP: Structural levels of organization 42. This structure physically separates the pelvic cavity from the abdominal cavity. a. Mediastinum b. Diaphragm c. Mesenteries d. None of the above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 43. The lungs are located in the a. thoracic cavity b. mediastinum c. dorsal cavity d. both b and c above ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 10 OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 44. A scientific experiment testing a new drug used two groups, one getting the drug and one getting the sugar pill. The group getting the sugar pill is the a. test group b. hypothesis group c. control group d. observational group ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 TOP: Scientific method 45. A scientific experiment testing a new drug used two groups, one getting the drug and one getting a sugar pill. If the two groups had the same result, it would indicate a. the drug was safe and effective b. the drug was ineffective because it did no better than the sugar pill c. the experiment was a failure and no information could be gained d. both b and c ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 TOP: Scientific method 46. A scientific experiment testing a new drug used two groups, one getting the drug and one getting a sugar pill. If the group getting the drug did much better than the group with the sugar pill: a. it would indicate that the drug was more effective than the sugar pill b. a theory would be formed c. the control group would be shown to have improved because of the drug d. all of the above ANS: A DIF: Application REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 TOP: Scientific method 47. In the metric system a. a meter is longer than a yard b. a centimeter is longer than an inch c. a nanometer is longer than a micrometer d. all of the above ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 TOP: Metric System 48. If a person lost a little more than 3 pounds on a diet, they would have lost about a. 500 grams b. 1000 grams c. 1500 grams d. 2000 grams ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 TOP: Metric System 49. The word supine describes a. the body lying face downward b. an anatomical direction c. the reference position of the body d. the body lying face upward ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 4 TOP: Anatomical position 50. Which process is used as the principal technique used to isolate and study the structural components or parts of the human body? a. Imaging b. Dissection c. X-rays d. Resection ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 3 OBJ: 1 TRUE/FALSE TOP: Introduction 1. The word dissection is derived from two word parts that mean ―cutting apart.‖ ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 3 OBJ: 1 TOP: Introduction 2. The cell is the smallest living structural unit of the body. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 6 OBJ: 3 TOP: Structural levels of organization 3. An organ is defined as a group of several types of cells working together to perform a specific function. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 6 OBJ: 3 TOP: Structural levels of organization 4. The reference position for the directional terms of the body is called the anatomical position. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 4 TOP: Anatomical position 5. The prone position is a position in which the body is lying face down. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 4 TOP: Anatomical position 6. The prone position is a position in which the body is lying face up. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 4 TOP: Anatomical position 7. The supine position is a position in which the body is lying face up. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 4 TOP: Anatomical position 8. Superior means toward the head. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 9. Because humans walk upright, superior and superficial mean the same thing. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 10. Anterior and proximal are opposite terms. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 11. Medial and lateral are opposite terms. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 12. Proximal and distal are opposite terms. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 13. Because humans walk upright, inferior and deep mean the same thing. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 14. Because humans walk upright, ventral and anterior mean the same thing. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 15. Because humans walk upright, dorsal and posterior mean the same thing. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 16. The hand is distal to the elbow. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 17. The foot is proximal to the knee. ANS: F DIF: Application TOP: Anatomical directions REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 18. The nose is superior to the mouth. ANS: T DIF: Application TOP: Anatomical directions REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 19. The mouth is inferior to the chin. ANS: F DIF: Application TOP: Anatomical directions REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 20. The big toe is lateral to the little toe. ANS: F DIF: Application TOP: Anatomical directions REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 21. The ears are lateral to the nose. ANS: T DIF: Application TOP: Anatomical directions REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 22. The heart is medial to the lungs. ANS: T DIF: Application TOP: Anatomical directions REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 23. The skin is superficial to the ribs. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 24. The lungs are deep to the ribs. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 25. The bones of the arm are superficial to the muscles of the arm. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 26. The nose is on the anterior side of the body. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 27. The navel is on the dorsal side of the body. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 28. The vertebrae are on the dorsal side of the body. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 29. A sagittal section divides the body into upper and lower parts. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 8-9 OBJ: 5 TOP: Planes or body sections 30. A sagittal section divides the body into right and left parts. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 8-9 OBJ: 5 TOP: Planes or body sections 31. A frontal section divides the body into front and back parts. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 5 TOP: Planes or body sections 32. A transverse section divides the body into upper and lower parts. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 5 TOP: Planes or body sections 33. The two major cavities of the body are the abdominal and thoracic cavities. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 34. The two major cavities of the body are the dorsal and ventral cavities. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 35. The diaphragm divides the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 36. The mediastinum is in both the ventral and thoracic cavities. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 37. The pleural cavity is in both the thoracic and dorsal cavities. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 38. The brain and spinal cord are in the dorsal cavity. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 39. The cranial cavity contains the brain and spinal cord. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 40. The upper abdominopelvic area consists of the right and left hypogastric and the epigastric regions. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 10 OBJ: 7 TOP: Body cavities 41. The lower abdominopelvic area contains the left iliac region. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 10 OBJ: 7 TOP: Body cavities 42. The middle abdominopelvic area contains the umbilical region. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 10 OBJ: 7 TOP: Body cavities 43. The epigastric, umbilical, and left lumbar regions are all in the middle abdominopelvic area. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 10 OBJ: 7 TOP: Body cavities 44. Homeostasis refers to the relatively constant internal environment the body tries to maintain. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 13 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 45. A negative feedback loop is one way the body tries to maintain homeostasis. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 15 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 46. The sensor in a feedback loop compares the actual condition to the ―normal‖ condition the body tries to maintain. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 14 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 47. The effector in a negative feedback loop does something to move the regulated condition back to ―normal.‖ ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 14-15 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 48. The sensor in a negative feedback loop detects a change in the regulated condition. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 14-15 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 49. In the negative feedback loop, the effector is the link between the sensor and the control center. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 14-15 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 50. The formation of a blood clot is an example of a negative feedback loop. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 15 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 51. The control of the volume of body fluid is an example of a negative feedback loop. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 15 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 52. The regulation of blood pH is an example of a positive feedback loop. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 15 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 53. The contraction of the uterus during childbirth is an example of a positive feedback loop. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 15 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 54. The arms and legs are part of the axial body portion. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 12 OBJ: 8 TOP: Body regions 55. The head and trunk are part of the axial body portion. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 12 OBJ: 8 TOP: Body regions 56. The arms and legs are part of the appendicular body portion. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 12 OBJ: 8 TOP: Body regions 57. Feedback loops continue to improve throughout life, reaching their peak in late adulthood. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 16 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 58. The word organism can be used to describe a living thing. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 3 OBJ: 3 TOP: Structural levels of organization 59. A body in a supine position has its dorsal side to the ground. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 7 OBJ: 4 TOP: Anatomical position | Anatomical directions 60. A body in a prone position has its dorsal side to the ground. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 7 OBJ: 4 TOP: Anatomical position | Anatomical directions 61. On the compass rosettes in a figure, the letter P opposite the letter D would stand for the word proximal. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 62. The thoracic cavity is divided into two parts, the mediastinum and the dorsal cavity. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 10 OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 63. The midsagittal and transverse sections, which divide the abdomen into quadrants, intersect at the base of the mediastinum. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 5 TOP: Body cavities 64. The diaphragm divides the axial from the appendicular region of the body. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 8 TOP: Body regions 65. The word leg refers only to the part of the body between the knee and the ankle. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 12 OBJ: 8 TOP: Body regions 66. Women can have one more body function regulated by a positive feedback loop than men can. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 15 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 67. Exercise helps to maintain homeostasis. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 16 OBJ: 9 TOP: Health and Well-Being: Exercise Physiology 68. The cell is the simplest level of organization in a living thing. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 6 OBJ: 3 TOP: Structural levels of organization 69. When reading a compass rosette in a figure, the letter L can mean either left or lateral. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 70. When reading a compass rosette in a figure, the letter P opposite the letter D stands for posterior. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 71. The dorsal cavity is a made up of a single cavity containing the brain and spinal cord. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 72. The abdominopelvic region is divided into four quadrants, the left and right lumbar regions on the upper part and the left and right iliac regions on the lower part. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 7 TOP: Body regions 73. The cells in the body live in a water environment that contains dissolved salts and other substances. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 13 OBJ: 9 TOP: Balance of body functions 74. The terms ophthalmic and orbital both refer to the eye area. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) OBJ: 6 TOP: Descriptive terms for body regions 75. In the scientific method, a hypothesis is based on observation. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 TOP: Scientific method 76. The single method used for all scientific investigation is called the scientific method. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 TOP: Scientific method 77. An accepted hypothesis must be retested numerous times to become a theory. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 TOP: Scientific method 78. If the effects of a drug are being tested by a scientific experiment, two groups would be used: a group that gets the drug and a group that gets an inactive substance. The group that gets the inactive substance is called the control group. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 TOP: Scientific method 79. The term atrophy describes a body structure that is at the peak of its efficiency. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 12 OBJ: 8 TOP: Body regions 80. The term dystrophy describes a degenerative process on a body structure due to lack of use. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 12 OBJ: 8 TOP: Body regions 81. The study of the structure of an organism and the relationships of its parts is often defined as physiology. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 3 OBJ: 1 TOP: Introduction MATCHING Match each of the following terms with its correct definition. a. Anterior b. Lateral c. Superior d. Medial e. Proximal f. Superficial g. Posterior 1. Toward the head, upper or above 2. Toward the midline of the body 3. In humans, this term means the same as ventral 4. Nearest to the point of origin 5. Toward the back of the body 6. Nearest the surface of the body 7. Toward the side of the body 1. ANS: OBJ: C 5 DIF: TOP: Memorization Anatomical directions REF: p. 7 2. ANS: OBJ: D 5 DIF: TOP: Memorization Anatomical directions REF: p. 7 3. ANS: OBJ: A 5 DIF: TOP: Memorization Anatomical directions REF: p. 7 4. ANS: OBJ: E 5 DIF: TOP: Memorization Anatomical directions REF: p. 7 5. ANS: OBJ: G 5 DIF: TOP: Memorization Anatomical directions REF: p. 7 6. ANS: OBJ: F 5 DIF: TOP: Memorization Anatomical directions REF: p. 7 7. ANS: OBJ: B 5 DIF: TOP: Memorization Anatomical directions REF: p. 7 Match the body region with the correct body part. a. Skull b. Groin c. Chest d. Mouth e. Brachial f. Wrist g. Cephalic h. Antebrachial i. Antecubital j. Cervical k. Axillary l. Femoral m. Lumbar n. Popliteal o. Tarsal p. Plantar 8. Arm 9. Head 10. Cranial 11. Oral 12. Inguinal 13. Thoracic 14. Carpal 15. Sole of the foot 16. Neck 17. Thigh 18. Armpit 19. Depressed area in the front of the elbow 20. Lower back between ribs and pelvis 21. Ankle 22. Forearm 23. Area behind the knee 8. ANS: OBJ: E 8 DIF: TOP: Memorization Body regions REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) 9. ANS: OBJ: G 8 DIF: TOP: Memorization Body regions REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) 10. ANS: OBJ: A 8 DIF: TOP: Memorization Body regions REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) 11. ANS: OBJ: D 8 DIF: TOP: Memorization Body regions REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) 12. ANS: OBJ: B 8 DIF: TOP: Memorization Body regions REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) 13. ANS: OBJ: C 8 DIF: TOP: Memorization Body regions REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) 14. ANS: OBJ: F 8 DIF: TOP: Memorization Body regions REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) 15. ANS: OBJ: P 8 DIF: TOP: Memorization Body regions REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) 16. ANS: OBJ: J 8 DIF: TOP: Memorization Body regions REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) 17. ANS: OBJ: L 8 DIF: TOP: Memorization Body regions REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) 18. ANS: OBJ: K 8 DIF: TOP: Memorization Body regions REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) 19. ANS: OBJ: I 8 DIF: TOP: Memorization Body regions REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) 20. ANS: OBJ: M 8 DIF: TOP: Memorization Body regions REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) 21. ANS: OBJ: O 8 DIF: TOP: Memorization Body regions REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) 22. ANS: OBJ: H 8 DIF: TOP: Memorization Body regions REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) 23. ANS: OBJ: N 8 DIF: TOP: Memorization Body regions REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) Match the term with the correct definition or explanation. a. Hypothesis b. Scientific method c. Theory d. Experimentation e. Control group f. Test group 24. A hypothesis that has been supported by repeated testing and has gained a high level of confidence 25. A systematic approach to discovery 26. A group that does not get what is being tested 27. A reasonable guess based on previous informal observations 28. A process used to test a hypothesis 29. A group that receives what is being tested 24. ANS: OBJ: C 2 DIF: TOP: Memorization Scientific method REF: p. 4 25. ANS: OBJ: B 2 DIF: TOP: Memorization Scientific method REF: p. 4 26. ANS: OBJ: E 2 DIF: TOP: Memorization Scientific method REF: p. 4 27. ANS: OBJ: A 2 DIF: TOP: Memorization Scientific method REF: p. 4 28. ANS: OBJ: D 2 DIF: TOP: Memorization Scientific method REF: p. 4 29. ANS: OBJ: F 2 DIF: TOP: Memorization Scientific method REF: p. 4 ESSAY 1. Explain the concept of homeostasis. Why is this so important to the survival of the body? ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Application REF: pp. 12-14 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 2. Explain a positive feedback loop. Give an example of a positive feedback loop in the body. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Application REF: p. 15 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 3. Explain a negative feedback loop. How does a negative feedback loop assist in maintaining homeostasis? ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 15 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 4. List and briefly explain the levels of organization in the body. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Memorization TOP: Structural levels of organization REF: pp. 4-6 OBJ: 3 5. List and briefly explain the process of the scientific method. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Memorization TOP: Scientific method REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 6. Develop and explain an experiment that tests the hypothesis that people with high levels of vitamin C in their diets have fewer colds than people with low levels of vitamin C in their diets. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Memorization TOP: Scientific method REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 7. Explain the difference between a hypothesis and a theory. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Application REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 TOP: Scientific method 8. Explain how the control group is used to determine the success of the test group and the experiment. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Application REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 TOP: Scientific method 9. What is the relationship between a meter and a yard, an inch and a centimeter, and a pound and a gram? ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Application REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 TOP: Metric System 10. Describe anatomical position. Explain the terms supine and prone. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Memorization TOP: Anatomical position REF: p. 7 OBJ: 4 11. Name and explain the 10 anatomical directions. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 TOP: Anatomical directions OBJ: 5 12. Name and describe the three planes or body sections. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 8-9 TOP: Planes or body sections OBJ: 5 13. Describe the parts of the ventral body cavity. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 TOP: Body cavities OBJ: 6 14. Describe the parts of the dorsal cavity and explain what each part contains. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Memorization TOP: Body cavities REF: p. 9 OBJ: 6 15. What makes up the axial portion of the body? What makes up the appendicular portion of the body? ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Memorization REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) OBJ: 8 TOP: Body regions Chapter 02: Chemistry of Life MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following is not a subatomic particle that makes up the atom? a. Ion b. Proton c. Neutron d. Electron ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 2. The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of a. electrons b. neutrons c. protons d. both b and c above ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 3. The atomic mass of an atom is equal to the number of a. electrons b. neutrons c. protons d. both b and c above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 4. This subatomic particle is found in the nucleus of the atom. a. Electron b. Neutron c. Proton d. Both b and c above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 5. This subatomic particle is found in orbitals around the nucleus of the atom. a. Electron b. Neutron c. Proton d. Both b and c above ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 6. This is not a characteristic of a proton: a. contributes to the atom’s atomic number b. contributes to the atom’s atomic mass c. is located in the nucleus of the atom d. carries a negative electrical charge ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 7. This is not a characteristic of a neutron: a. contributes to the atom’s atomic number b. contributes to the atom’s atomic mass c. is located in the nucleus of the atom d. has no electrical charge ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 8. This is not a characteristic of an electron: a. is in an orbital around the nucleus of the atom b. has a negative electrical charge c. contributes to the atom’s atomic number d. all of the above are characteristics of an electron ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 9. A particular atom has 16 protons, 17 neutrons, and 16 electrons. The atomic number of this atom is a. 49 b. 32 c. 33 d. 16 ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 10. A particular atom has 16 protons, 17 neutrons, and 16 electrons. The atomic mass of this atom is a. 49 b. 32 c. 33 d. 16 ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 11. The second energy level of an atom a. has four orbitals b. can hold eight electrons c. is a lower energy level then the first energy level d. both a and b above ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 24 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 12. Compounds are a. pure substances b. made up of only one type of atom c. made up of two or more different types of atoms d. both a and b above ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 OBJ: 1 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds 13. The formula for oxygen gas is O2; this means it is a. made up of two atoms of oxygen b. a molecule c. a compound d. both a and b above ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 24 OBJ: 1 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds 14. If an atom had 20 protons and 18 electrons, it would a. have a negative 2 charge b. have a plus 2 charge c. be attracted to a positively charged ion d. both a and c above ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 25 OBJ: 3 TOP: Ionic bonds 15. Ionic bonds: a. usually dissolve easily in water b. produced ions when dissolved in water c. are formed by atoms of opposite charge d. all of the above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 25 OBJ: 3 TOP: Ionic bonds 16. Covalent bonds a. dissociate in water b. are formed when electrons are shared between atoms c. are formed by atoms of opposite charge d. both a and c above ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 25-26 OBJ: 3 TOP: Covalent bonds 17. Organic compounds must contain a. oxygen b. carbon–oxygen bonds c. hydrogen–oxygen bonds d. none of the above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 27 OBJ: 4 TOP: Inorganic chemistry 18. Which of the following is not true of water? a. Water is the most abundant organic compound in the body. b. Water is found both in and around the cells of the body. c. Water is the solvent in which most other compounds are dissolved. d. All of the above are true of water. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 27 OBJ: 5 TOP: Water 19. In a dehydration synthesis reaction: a. water is a reactant b. water is a product c. a large molecule is broken down into a smaller one d. both a and c above ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 27 OBJ: 5 TOP: Water 20. In a dehydration synthesis reaction: a. hydrogen and oxygen are removed from the reactants b. water is added to the reactants c. water is broken down into hydrogen and oxygen d. both a and c above ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 27 OBJ: 5 TOP: Water 21. In a hydrolysis reaction: a. water is a product b. water is a reactant c. water is broken down into hydrogen and oxygen d. the product is larger than either reactant ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 27 OBJ: 5 TOP: Water 22. Which of the following statements is true? a. The process of hydrolysis is used to build a larger molecule from smaller molecules. b. Water is an end product of a hydrolysis reaction. c. The process of dehydration synthesis is used to build a larger molecule from smaller molecules. d. Water is a reactant in a dehydration synthesis reaction. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 27 OBJ: 5 TOP: Water 23. Which is not true of the following chemical equation? K+ + Cl–  KCl a. The equation indicates that there are two reactants. b. The equation indicates that there is one product. c. The equation indicates that the reaction occurs in both directions equally. d. All of the above are true. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 28 OBJ: 4 TOP: Inorganic chemistry 24. An acid a. has a pH greater than 7 b. has a pH less than 7 c. has more OH– ions than H + ions in solution d. both a and c above ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 25. A base a. has a pH greater than 7 b. has a pH less than 7 c. has more OH– ions than H + ions in solution d. both a and c above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 26. A solution with a pH of 6 a. is an acid b. is a base c. has 10 times more H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 5 d. both a and c above ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 27. A solution with a pH of 11 a. is an acid b. is a base c. has 10 times more OH– ions than a solution with a pH of 10 d. both b and c above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 28. When the body removes CO2 by way of the respiratory system a. it lowers the pH of the blood b. it raises the pH of the blood c. it has no effect on pH because CO2 is neither an acid nor a base d. it is acting as a buffer ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 29 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 29. If a strong acid were added to one container of pure water and an equal amount of a weak acid were added to a second container of pure water: a. the pH of both containers would go up equally b. the pH of both containers would go down equally c. the pH of the container with the strong acid would go up more than the container with the weak acid d. none of the above ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 30. Which of the following is a monosaccharide? a. Glucose b. Sucrose c. Lactose d. Glucagon ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Carbohydrates 31. Which of the following is a disaccharide? a. Glucose b. Sucrose c. Starch d. Glycogen ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Carbohydrates 32. Which of the following is a polysaccharide? a. Glucose b. Lactose c. Sucrose d. Glycogen ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Carbohydrates 33. Liver cells and muscle cells are able to store chains of glucose in a molecule called a. glycogen b. polyglucose c. sucrose d. lactose ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Carbohydrates 34. Which of the following is not true of triglycerides? a. A part of the molecule attracts water. b. The molecule contains three fatty acids. c. The molecule contains glycerol. d. Triglycerides are used by the body to store energy. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Lipids 35. Which of the following is not true of phospholipids? a. The molecule contains three fatty acids. b. The molecule has a water-attracting part. c. The molecule has a water-repelling part. d. It is important in the structure of the cell membrane. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Lipids 36. Which of the following is not true of cholesterol? a. It is a steroid lipid. b. It helps stabilize the cell membrane. c. It contains only two fatty acids. d. It is the starting point for making the hormone estrogen. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 31 OBJ: 7 TOP: Lipids 37. This lipid can be found in the cell membrane a. triglycerides b. phospholipids c. cholesterol d. both b and c above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 31 OBJ: 7 TOP: Lipids 38. Which of the following is a structural protein? a. Hormones b. Collagen c. Growth factor d. Enzymes ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 32 OBJ: 7 TOP: Proteins 39. The ―lock and key‖ model is use to describe the functioning of a. enzymes b. collagen molecules c. keratin molecules d. both a and c above ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 32 OBJ: 7 TOP: Proteins 40. Which of the following is not true of enzymes? a. They function on the lock and key model. b. They are functional proteins. c. They are catalysts. d. All of the above are true of enzymes. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 32 OBJ: 7 TOP: Proteins 41. This molecule is found in DNA but not RNA a. guanine b. thymine c. uracil d. adenine ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 32 OBJ: 7 TOP: Nucleic acids 42. This molecule is found in DNA but not RNA a. adenine b. ribose sugar c. deoxyribose sugar d. phosphate ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 32 OBJ: 7 TOP: Nucleic acids 43. This molecule is found in RNA but not DNA a. guanine b. thymine c. uracil d. adenine ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 32 OBJ: 7 TOP: Nucleic acids 44. This molecule is found in RNA but not DNA a. ribose sugar b. deoxyribose sugar c. adenine d. cytosine ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 32 OBJ: 7 TOP: Nucleic acids 45. This subatomic particle does not contribute to the mass of an atom a. proton b. neutron c. electron d. all of the above particles contribute to the mass of an atom ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 46. The magnesium atom has two electrons in its outer energy level and is willing to donate both of them. The sodium atom has seven electrons in its outer energy level and will accept one electron. The chemical formula for the compound formed by magnesium and sodium would be a. Mg2Na b. MgNa2 c. Mg2S d. MgS2 ANS: B DIF: Synthesis REF: pp. 25-26 OBJ: 3 TOP: Ionic bonds 47. Which of the following organs help maintain the proper pH of body fluids? a. Kidneys by forming urine b. Lungs by exhaling carbon dioxide c. Spleen by filtering the blood d. Both a and b above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 29 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 48. Which of the following lipids do not contain fatty acids? a. Phospholipids b. Cholesterol c. Triglycerides d. Both a and b above ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 30-31 OBJ: 7 TOP: Lipids 49. Which of the following lipids are used as starting points in the making of hormones? a. Phospholipids b. Cholesterol c. Triglycerides d. Both b and c above ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 31 OBJ: 7 TOP: Lipids 50. In an atom, each orbital can hold a. one electron b. two electrons c. eight electrons d. hydrogen can hold two and the rest of the atoms can hold eight ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 51. An isotope is an atom with a. more protons than electrons b. more electrons than protons c. the same number of protons but different number of neutrons d. either a or b above ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 25 OBJ: 3 TOP: Clinical Application: Radioactive Isotopes 52. Which of the following carries a positive electrical charge? a. Proton b. Neutron c. Electron d. Both proton and neutron ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 53. Which of the following is found in the nucleus of the atom? a. Proton b. Neutron c. Electron d. Both proton and neutron ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 54. Which of the following is found in orbitals surrounding the nucleus of the atom? a. Proton b. Neutron c. Electron d. Both proton and neutron ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 55. Which of the following carries no electrical charge? a. Proton b. Neutron c. Electron d. Both proton and neutron ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 56. Which of the following contributes to the atom’s atomic mass? a. Proton b. Neutron c. Electron d. Both proton and neutron ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 57. Which of the following contributes to the atom’s atomic number? a. Proton b. Neutron c. Electron d. Both proton and neutron ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 58. Which of the following carries a negative electrical charge? a. Proton b. Neutron c. Electron d. Both proton and neutron ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 59. Which of the following contain three fatty acids and a molecule of glycerol? a. Enzymes b. Triglycerides c. Phospholipids d. All of the above ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 29 OBJ: 7 TOP: Lipids 60. Which of the following is an example of a monosaccharide? a. Glucose b. Lactose c. Glycogen d. Starch ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Carbohydrates 61. Which of the following has thymine as one of its nucleotides? a. DNA b. RNA c. Both a and b above d. Neither a nor b above ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 32 OBJ: 7 TOP: Nucleic acids 62. Which of the following is a lipid with a water-attracting and water-repelling part of its molecule? a. Triglycerides b. Cholesterol c. Phospholipids d. None of the above ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Lipids 63. Which of the following is an example of a structural protein? a. Enzymes b. Collagen c. Glycogen d. None of the above ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 32 OBJ: 7 TOP: Proteins 64. Which of the following is an example of a functional protein? a. Collagen b. Glycogen c. Enzymes d. None of the above ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 32 OBJ: 7 TOP: Proteins 65. Which of the following is a lipid that can be found along with cholesterol in the cell membrane? a. Triglycerides b. Phospholipids c. Both a and b above d. Neither a nor b above ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Lipids 66. Which of the following is a nucleic acid with a double helix structure? a. DNA b. RNA c. Both a and b above d. Neither a nor b above ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 32 OBJ: 7 TOP: Nucleic acids 67. Which of the following is a protein whose function is explained by the lock and key model? a. Collagen b. Glycogen c. Enzymes d. None of the above ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 32 OBJ: 7 TOP: Proteins 68. Which of the following has uracil as one of its nucleotides? a. DNA b. RNA c. Both a and b above d. Neither a nor b above ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 32 OBJ: 7 TOP: Nucleic acids 69. Which of the following is an example of a disaccharide? a. Glucose b. Dextrose c. Glycogen d. Lactose ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Carbohydrates 70. Which of the following is a starting substance for making the hormones estrogen and testosterone? a. Lactose b. Collagen c. DNA d. Cholesterol ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 31 OBJ: 7 TOP: Lipids 71. Which of the following acts as a chemical catalyst? a. DNA b. RNA c. Enzymes d. Phospholipids ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 32 OBJ: 7 TOP: Proteins 72. Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide? a. Glucose b. Glycogen c. Dextrose d. Lactose ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Carbohydrates 73. Which of the following is the steroid lipid? a. Cholesterol b. Triglycerides c. Enzymes d. Phospholipids ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 31 OBJ: 7 TOP: Lipids 74. This element is not one of the elements that make up 96% of the body. a. Nitrogen b. Hydrogen c. Oxygen d. Sodium ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 OBJ: 1 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds 75. This is a way the body can remove excess H+ ions from the body a. excreting them in the urine b. exhaling CO2 from the lungs c. using a buffer d. all of the above can remove H+ ions from the blood ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 29 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 76. This modified nucleotide plays an important role in energy-transfer in the body a. adenosine triphosphate b. enzymes c. mRNA d. glycoproteins ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 33 OBJ: 7 TOP: Nucleic acids 77. Low blood pH results in a condition called a. alkalosis b. acidosis c. atherosclerosis d. hydrolysis ANS: B OBJ: 6 TRUE/FALSE DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts REF: p. 29 1. Matter can be defined as anything that occupies space and has mass. ANS: T OBJ: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Levels of chemical organization REF: p. 23 2. Atoms have never been seen by scientists, but their presence is strongly supported by the atomic theory. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 3. The proton of the atom carries a positive electrical charge. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 4. The proton of the atom is found in orbitals around the nucleus. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 5. The proton of an atom is found in the nucleus. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 6. An atom with 15 protons would have an atomic mass of 15. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 7. An atom with 15 protons would have an atomic number of 15. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 8. An atom with 15 protons and 15 electrons would have an atomic mass of 30. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 9. An atom with 15 protons and 15 neutrons would have an atomic mass of 30. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 10. Neutrons have no electrical charge. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 11. Neutrons and electrons are found in the nucleus of the atom. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 12. Neutrons contribute to the atomic number of an atom. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 13. Neutrons contribute to the atomic mass of the atom. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 14. Electrons carry a negative electrical charge. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 15. The number of electrons plus the number of protons is equal to the atomic number of an atom. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 16. All orbitals of an atom can hold two electrons. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 17. All energy levels of an atom can hold four orbitals. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 18. All energy levels can hold eight electrons. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 19. The first energy level of an atom can hold only two orbitals. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 20. The first energy level of an atom is closest to the nucleus and is the lowest energy level. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 21. The terms energy level and electron orbital are interchangeable. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 22. Elements are pure substances. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 OBJ: 1 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds 23. The terms molecule and compound are interchangeable. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 OBJ: 1 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds 24. A formula of a compound tells you the number and types of elements that make up that compound. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 OBJ: 1 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds 25. The elements sodium, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen make up 96% of the human body. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 OBJ: 1 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds 26. An atom is said to be chemically stable when its outer energy level is full. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 OBJ: 3 TOP: Chemical bonding 27. An atom with one more electron than proton would have a plus one charge. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 25 OBJ: 3 TOP: Ionic bonds 28. In order for an atom to be an ion, the number of electrons cannot equal the number of protons. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 25 OBJ: 3 TOP: Ionic bonds 29. When ionic compounds dissolve in water, they tend to dissociate into ions. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 25 OBJ: 3 TOP: Ionic bonds 30. The ions that are dissolved in water are called electrolytes. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 25 OBJ: 3 TOP: Ionic bonds 31. The symbol for a sodium atom that has lost one electron would be Na. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 25 OBJ: 3 TOP: Ionic bonds 32. The symbol for a sodium atom that has lost one electron would be Na+ . ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 25 OBJ: 3 TOP: Ionic bonds 33. Atom X has eight electrons, two in its first energy level and six in its second energy level. It would most likely form an ion with a plus two charge. ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 25 OBJ: 3 TOP: Ionic bonds 34. Covalent bonds do not usually dissociate in water. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 26 OBJ: 3 TOP: Covalent bonds 35. Covalent bonds dissociate into ions when dissolved in water. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 26 OBJ: 3 TOP: Covalent bonds 36. All compounds in the human body are, by definition, organic compounds. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 27 OBJ: 4 TOP: Inorganic chemistry 37. Organic compounds must have either a C–C or C–H bond. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 27 OBJ: 4 TOP: Inorganic chemistry 38. Water is an inorganic compound. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 27 OBJ: 5 TOP: Water 39. Aqueous solutions have water as the solvent. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 27 OBJ: 5 TOP: Water 40. In a dehydration synthesis reaction, water is always a reactant. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 27 OBJ: 5 TOP: Water 41. In a dehydration synthesis reaction, water is always a product. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 27 OBJ: 5 TOP: Water 42. In dehydration synthesis reaction, smaller reactants are joined to form a larger product. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 27 OBJ: 5 TOP: Water 43. In the process of hydrolysis, a molecule of water is broken down to hydrogen and oxygen. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 27 OBJ: 5 TOP: Water 44. In hydrolysis, water is used to break the bonds of a larger molecule and convert it to smaller molecules. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 27 OBJ: 5 TOP: Water 45. In a hydrolysis reaction, water is always an end product. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 27 OBJ: 5 TOP: Water 46. Hydrolysis is virtually the reverse of a dehydration synthesis reaction. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 27 OBJ: 5 TOP: Water 47. Acids produce an excess of H + ions. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 48. Bases produce an excess of OH– ions. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 49. An increase in H + ions will cause an increase in the pH value. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 50. An increase in pH value would mean more H + ions are in solution. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 51. A solution with a pH of 4 has 100 times more H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 2. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 52. A solution with a pH of 3 has 10 times more H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 4. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 53. A solution that has a greater concentration of OH– ions than H + ions would be called a base. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 54. A strong acid added to a solution would raise the pH more than the same amount of a weak acid added to the solution. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 55. When a neutralization reaction occurs between a strong acid and base, one of the end products is water. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 29 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 56. A buffer is a chemical that helps prevent a sudden change in pH. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 29 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 57. The word carbohydrate literally means ―sugar.‖ ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 29 OBJ: 7 TOP: Carbohydrates 58. Both sucrose and lactose are monosaccharides. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Carbohydrates 59. Glucose is used by the body as a source of energy. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 29 OBJ: 7 TOP: Carbohydrates 60. Both sucrose and lactose are disaccharides. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Carbohydrates 61. A molecule of glycogen contains more saccharide units than a molecule of sucrose. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Carbohydrates 62. A molecule of glucose has more saccharide units than a molecule of lactose. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Carbohydrates 63. Muscles store chains of glucose in a molecule called dextrose. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Carbohydrates 64. Glycogen and starch are both polysaccharides. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Carbohydrates 65. Cholesterol is an important source of energy for the body. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Lipids 66. Phospholipids and triglycerides both contain fatty acids. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Lipids 67. Phospholipids and triglycerides both have parts of their molecules that attract water. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Lipids 68. Phospholipids are the starting substance for several steroid hormones in the body. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 31 OBJ: 7 TOP: Lipids 69. Both phospholipids and cholesterol are structural components of the cell membrane. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 30-31 OBJ: 7 TOP: Lipids 70. Both phospholipids and cholesterol are steroid lipids. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 31 OBJ: 7 TOP: Lipids 71. The bonds that join amino acids together to form a protein are called peptide bonds. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 31 OBJ: 7 TOP: Proteins 72. The functional proteins in the body include hormones, collagen, and cell membrane receptors. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 32 OBJ: 7 TOP: Proteins 73. The shape of proteins determines their role in body chemistry. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 32 OBJ: 7 TOP: Proteins 74. The basic building blocks of nucleic acids are nucleotides. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 32 OBJ: 7 TOP: Nucleic acids 75. Both DNA and RNA contain uracil. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 32 OBJ: 7 TOP: Nucleic acids 76. Both DNA and RNA contain a sugar molecule as part of their structure. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 32 OBJ: 7 TOP: Nucleic acids 77. Both DNA and RNA have a double helix structure. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 32 OBJ: 7 TOP: Nucleic acids 78. DNA is the ―master code‖ for making proteins. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 32 OBJ: 7 TOP: Nucleic acids 79. LDLs have a high concentration of protein and low concentration of lipid. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 31 OBJ: 7 TOP: Clinical Application: Blood Lipoproteins 80. HDL is sometimes called the ―bad‖ cholesterol. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 31 OBJ: 7 TOP: Clinical Application: Blood Lipoproteins 81. LDL is sometimes called the ―bad‖ cholesterol. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 31 OBJ: 7 TOP: Clinical Application: Blood Lipoproteins 82. High levels of LDL are associated with the development of atherosclerosis. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 31 OBJ: 7 TOP: Clinical Application: Blood Lipoproteins 83. An atom’s mass number is usually greater than its atomic number. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 84. An atom’s atomic number is usually greater than its mass number. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 85. Electrons move in an elliptical orbit rather than a circular orbit around the nucleus. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 23-24 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 86. An electron in the third energy level is closer to the nucleus than an electron in the second energy level. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 87. All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 24 OBJ: 1 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds 88. The bond between carbon and hydrogen in an organic compound is an example of a covalent bond. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 26 OBJ: 4 TOP: Inorganic chemistry 89. Water is the most abundant solute in the body. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 27 OBJ: 5 TOP: Water 90. Chemical bonds can store potential chemical energy. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 27-28 OBJ: 3 TOP: Water 91. The primary source of energy used by the body is a carbohydrate. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Carbohydrates 92. The only group of organic compounds that contains sugar is the carbohydrates. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Carbohydrates | Nucleic acids 93. Adenosine triphosphate is a modified nucleotide that is important in energy transfer in the body. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Nucleic acids 94. If blood pH tests indicate that your blood pH is high, you are suffering from alkalosis. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 29 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts MATCHING Match the name of the element with the correct symbol. a. Potassium b. Phosphorus c. Sodium d. Calcium e. Carbon f. Hydrogen g. Chlorine h. Nitrogen 1