ANTH 411 Final
Gerald Murray - correct answer ✔Deforestation of Haiti
David Rohde - correct answer ✔Human terrain system
Richard Lee - correct answer ✔Ju/'huansi anthropology
E.B. Tylor - correct answer ✔o Culture: " culture, or civilization, taken in its
broad, ethnographic sense, is a complex whole which includes knowledge,
belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired
by man as a member of society."
o Culture is:
• The way of life of a people, the things they do and make, their ideas
• Trans-generational
• Continuously reworked and created
• Shared
• Socially constructed - it is taught, over time is permeates over thinking and
behavior
Franz Boas - correct answer ✔o "Father of American Anthropology
o Professor at Columbia University
o Led early 1900's reaction to evolutionary thinking
o Fieldwork
o Historical Particularism and cultural determinism
Bronislaw Malinowski - correct answer ✔magic, science, religion
,trobriand island fishermen
science:
-based on rational understanding of physical principles
-based on empirical knowledge of the world
Magic:
invokes supernatural powers - to coerce them
based on faith, rather than scientific proof
Religion:
based on belief in supernatural powers
not coercive, but uses prayer to beseech the supernatural
Horace Miner - correct answer ✔Horace Miner, Nacirema
o Written about Americans
o Unusual rituals
• Daily "mouth rite"
• "holy mouth man"
• Daily body rituals for men and women
• "our review of the ritual life of the Nacirema has...shown them to be a magic-
ridden people. It is hard to understand how they have managed to
exist...under the burdens which they have imposed upon themselves"
o Critique of ethnocentrism and ethnocentric ways of writing about a culture
• Example of an "outsiders perspective"
, • "Looking for far and above, from our high places of safety in the developed
civilization, it is easy to see all the crudity and irrelevance of magic."
(Malinowski)
• Human behavior is arbitrary
• Examples of ritual
Margaret Mead - correct answer ✔first anthropologist to argue gender and
sex are culturally constructed categories
research aimed to distinguish between biological and cultural factors
Haiti - correct answer ✔deforestation
U.S. - Military - correct answer ✔Human terrain system
Ju/'hoansi - correct answer ✔o Kalahari Desert people
o once nomadic, now almost sedentary
o Same people, different name:
• Ju/'hoansi vs. !Kung vs. San
o Widely Studied
-Marshall and Lee
applied/practical anthropology - correct answer ✔Study directed toward
gaining knowledge in an effort to meet some basic need
Use of anthropological skills, knowledge, access, and experience to help in
the solution of human problems
Gerald Murray - correct answer ✔Deforestation of Haiti
David Rohde - correct answer ✔Human terrain system
Richard Lee - correct answer ✔Ju/'huansi anthropology
E.B. Tylor - correct answer ✔o Culture: " culture, or civilization, taken in its
broad, ethnographic sense, is a complex whole which includes knowledge,
belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired
by man as a member of society."
o Culture is:
• The way of life of a people, the things they do and make, their ideas
• Trans-generational
• Continuously reworked and created
• Shared
• Socially constructed - it is taught, over time is permeates over thinking and
behavior
Franz Boas - correct answer ✔o "Father of American Anthropology
o Professor at Columbia University
o Led early 1900's reaction to evolutionary thinking
o Fieldwork
o Historical Particularism and cultural determinism
Bronislaw Malinowski - correct answer ✔magic, science, religion
,trobriand island fishermen
science:
-based on rational understanding of physical principles
-based on empirical knowledge of the world
Magic:
invokes supernatural powers - to coerce them
based on faith, rather than scientific proof
Religion:
based on belief in supernatural powers
not coercive, but uses prayer to beseech the supernatural
Horace Miner - correct answer ✔Horace Miner, Nacirema
o Written about Americans
o Unusual rituals
• Daily "mouth rite"
• "holy mouth man"
• Daily body rituals for men and women
• "our review of the ritual life of the Nacirema has...shown them to be a magic-
ridden people. It is hard to understand how they have managed to
exist...under the burdens which they have imposed upon themselves"
o Critique of ethnocentrism and ethnocentric ways of writing about a culture
• Example of an "outsiders perspective"
, • "Looking for far and above, from our high places of safety in the developed
civilization, it is easy to see all the crudity and irrelevance of magic."
(Malinowski)
• Human behavior is arbitrary
• Examples of ritual
Margaret Mead - correct answer ✔first anthropologist to argue gender and
sex are culturally constructed categories
research aimed to distinguish between biological and cultural factors
Haiti - correct answer ✔deforestation
U.S. - Military - correct answer ✔Human terrain system
Ju/'hoansi - correct answer ✔o Kalahari Desert people
o once nomadic, now almost sedentary
o Same people, different name:
• Ju/'hoansi vs. !Kung vs. San
o Widely Studied
-Marshall and Lee
applied/practical anthropology - correct answer ✔Study directed toward
gaining knowledge in an effort to meet some basic need
Use of anthropological skills, knowledge, access, and experience to help in
the solution of human problems
