Visigoths
Under the leadership of Alaric
o Led his soldiers into Italy looking for payment
Rome refused, sieged city, Rome finally agrees
In 410 AD, he asks for parts of N. Italy to settle
o Rome refused
Alaric and Goths sack Rome for 3 days
o Roma Invicnta
Visigoths leave Italy, settle in Spain and Gaul as allies
Ironically, they were the keepers of Roman legacy
Vandals
Another Eastern Germanic tribe
Around 400, they started moving into Empire
o Because of Huns? Looking for better land?
o Settled in N. Africa
Sieged Hippo Regius- death of St. Augustine
Treaty granted them Roman Province of Numidia
455, they sack Rome
o Considered more thorough than Goth sack of 410
476, Odoacer dispose W. Roman Emperor (Barbarians on thrown now)
o “End of Roman empire”
Frankish Kingdom
o One of the Germanic tribes that continued
o Established by Clovis
o Merovingian Dynasty
o Named after semi-legendary ancestor-Merovech
o Catholic Christian (most other German kings were Arian)
o Gained him support of Roman Catholic Church
o Paved the way for conservation of Franks
o Intertwined with Roman culture
o Difference in Law=wergeld (‘man price”)
o Fine paid by wrongdoer to the family that had been killed
o //Hammurabi
Lombard’s
From Scandinavia
o Began to move south 1-5th centuries
o Encountered and defeated the Gepids
Invaded Italy
o Largely unopposed, depopulated after Gothic War
o Most “barbarian”
Anglo Saxons
Germanic tribes, migrated to Britain
Roman troops left UK in 410 AD
,Dark Ages of Late Antiquity
90% of the population reduced to subsistence farming
50% of children died before age 5
50% of women who made it to marriage died by 25, usually childbirth
Homeless, poverty, raids, ghost towns
Trade and manufacture basically stopped
o Except slave trade
Only Latin in west remains
o Education only in Christian monasteries
Roman Empire
Three Heirs to the Roman Empire
o After Rome “fell” three new empires emerged:
o Byzantines
Easter roman empire centered at Constantinople
Largely Greek- speaking Christians
o Islamic Empire
Spread Islamic religion, Semitic-speaking
o Germanic and Frankish Kingdoms in the Latin West
Barbarian Germanic-speaking kingdoms absorbed much of Rome
Blended with Latin
Islam
o Sophisticated culture founded on faith
Interwoven with western culture
Reclaimed Greek wisdom after it was lost
Sowed the seeds of the Renaissance 600 years before De Vinci
Number
Medicine and health care
Art and architecture
o Voluntary submission to God
o “Age of Ignorance”
Muhammad
o Hashim clan within Quraysh tribe
Long associated with Mecca, overseers of Ka’ba
Born into a turbulent time and tribal faction
Also born into poverty
o Married Khadija
Older, wealthy widow
o 610 AD (40 years old) received first revelation
Summoned to role as the final prophet of God
Message with the Qur’an
Qur’an
o “recital”
, God-Gabriel-Muhammed
o Uncertainty as to when it was written
Originally oral, but soon after, it was composed
o One True God
o Regarded as his miracle
o “People of the Book”
Tolerance of Judaism/Christianity
Not so much polytheism X
Sana’s manuscript
o One of the oldest surviving
o Founded in 1971
o Dates to c. 670 AD
Topkapi manuscript
o 99% complete
o Date unsure
People of the Book
o “There is no compulsion in religion”
Allah’s desire is for genuine conversion
o Pact of Umar
Caliph Umar guaranteed religious freedom of Jews and Christians in
Jerusalem
o Dhimmi= “protected minorities”
But conversion would allow tax breaks, political preferment, economic
privileges, membership in government
Preacher to conqueror
o 622 Meccans drove to Muhammad from the city
o Journeyed to Medina (Hijrah)
Year 1 in Muslim calendar
More receptive, within 2 years, under his command
o Tonal shift in spreading of Islam
624 onward, the Prophet was in possession of an army
More revelations in medina
Activist and determined tone
o 5 years of battles, Mecca and Medina in his hands
Arabian Peninsula by his death in 632
Islamic faction
o Death of Muhammad June 8, 632
o Caliph
Successor of Muhammad
Leader of the Islamic state
o Sunni
Accepted Abdul Bakr as the first caliph
Father-in-law of the prophet
Under the leadership of Alaric
o Led his soldiers into Italy looking for payment
Rome refused, sieged city, Rome finally agrees
In 410 AD, he asks for parts of N. Italy to settle
o Rome refused
Alaric and Goths sack Rome for 3 days
o Roma Invicnta
Visigoths leave Italy, settle in Spain and Gaul as allies
Ironically, they were the keepers of Roman legacy
Vandals
Another Eastern Germanic tribe
Around 400, they started moving into Empire
o Because of Huns? Looking for better land?
o Settled in N. Africa
Sieged Hippo Regius- death of St. Augustine
Treaty granted them Roman Province of Numidia
455, they sack Rome
o Considered more thorough than Goth sack of 410
476, Odoacer dispose W. Roman Emperor (Barbarians on thrown now)
o “End of Roman empire”
Frankish Kingdom
o One of the Germanic tribes that continued
o Established by Clovis
o Merovingian Dynasty
o Named after semi-legendary ancestor-Merovech
o Catholic Christian (most other German kings were Arian)
o Gained him support of Roman Catholic Church
o Paved the way for conservation of Franks
o Intertwined with Roman culture
o Difference in Law=wergeld (‘man price”)
o Fine paid by wrongdoer to the family that had been killed
o //Hammurabi
Lombard’s
From Scandinavia
o Began to move south 1-5th centuries
o Encountered and defeated the Gepids
Invaded Italy
o Largely unopposed, depopulated after Gothic War
o Most “barbarian”
Anglo Saxons
Germanic tribes, migrated to Britain
Roman troops left UK in 410 AD
,Dark Ages of Late Antiquity
90% of the population reduced to subsistence farming
50% of children died before age 5
50% of women who made it to marriage died by 25, usually childbirth
Homeless, poverty, raids, ghost towns
Trade and manufacture basically stopped
o Except slave trade
Only Latin in west remains
o Education only in Christian monasteries
Roman Empire
Three Heirs to the Roman Empire
o After Rome “fell” three new empires emerged:
o Byzantines
Easter roman empire centered at Constantinople
Largely Greek- speaking Christians
o Islamic Empire
Spread Islamic religion, Semitic-speaking
o Germanic and Frankish Kingdoms in the Latin West
Barbarian Germanic-speaking kingdoms absorbed much of Rome
Blended with Latin
Islam
o Sophisticated culture founded on faith
Interwoven with western culture
Reclaimed Greek wisdom after it was lost
Sowed the seeds of the Renaissance 600 years before De Vinci
Number
Medicine and health care
Art and architecture
o Voluntary submission to God
o “Age of Ignorance”
Muhammad
o Hashim clan within Quraysh tribe
Long associated with Mecca, overseers of Ka’ba
Born into a turbulent time and tribal faction
Also born into poverty
o Married Khadija
Older, wealthy widow
o 610 AD (40 years old) received first revelation
Summoned to role as the final prophet of God
Message with the Qur’an
Qur’an
o “recital”
, God-Gabriel-Muhammed
o Uncertainty as to when it was written
Originally oral, but soon after, it was composed
o One True God
o Regarded as his miracle
o “People of the Book”
Tolerance of Judaism/Christianity
Not so much polytheism X
Sana’s manuscript
o One of the oldest surviving
o Founded in 1971
o Dates to c. 670 AD
Topkapi manuscript
o 99% complete
o Date unsure
People of the Book
o “There is no compulsion in religion”
Allah’s desire is for genuine conversion
o Pact of Umar
Caliph Umar guaranteed religious freedom of Jews and Christians in
Jerusalem
o Dhimmi= “protected minorities”
But conversion would allow tax breaks, political preferment, economic
privileges, membership in government
Preacher to conqueror
o 622 Meccans drove to Muhammad from the city
o Journeyed to Medina (Hijrah)
Year 1 in Muslim calendar
More receptive, within 2 years, under his command
o Tonal shift in spreading of Islam
624 onward, the Prophet was in possession of an army
More revelations in medina
Activist and determined tone
o 5 years of battles, Mecca and Medina in his hands
Arabian Peninsula by his death in 632
Islamic faction
o Death of Muhammad June 8, 632
o Caliph
Successor of Muhammad
Leader of the Islamic state
o Sunni
Accepted Abdul Bakr as the first caliph
Father-in-law of the prophet
