NSG 511 Exam 1
Sympathetic nervous system - answer Form of autonomic nervous system (involuntary)
Fight & flight response
Beta 1 and 2, and alpha 1 and 2 receptors "adrenergic"
Neurotransmitters = Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, dopamine
Parasympathetic nervous system - answer Form of autonomic nervous system
(involuntary)
Responsible for rest & digestion & secretion
"Cholinergic and muscarinic" receptors Neurotransmitter: acetylcholine
Agonist - answerDrug that activates a receptor
Antagonist - answerDrug that turns off or blocks a receptor
Albuterol (Proventil) - answerSelective beta 2 agonist - effects sympathetic nervous
system
Commonly used for patients with asthma
Beta 2 receptors - answerLocated in the arterioles of heart, lung, and skeletal muscles;
lungs; liver; and uterus
Regulate sympathetic nervous system
Beta 1 receptors - answerLocated in heart and kidney
Regulate sympathetic nervous system
Alpha 1 receptors - answerLocated in the eyes; arterioles of heart, lung, and skeletal
muscle
Regulate sympathetic nervous system
Atropine - answerCholinergic drug
Muscarinic antagonist
Turns off parasympathetic nervous system, increases myocardial oxygen demand and
may be used at end of life or before surgery to reduce secretions in throat
Cholinergic drugs - answerEffect parasympathetic nervous system
Atropine is an example
Bethanechol (Urecholine)
Bethanechol (Urecholine) - answerCholinergic drug
, Muscarinic agonist
Often used when someone is experiencing urinary retention
Not selective for urinary system
Pyridostigmine (Mestinon) - answerCholinesterase inhibitors; Effects somatic system
(voluntary movements); used for Myasthenia gravis
Adrenergic drugs - answerEffects sympathetic system Epinephrine
Metoprolol (Lopressor)
Epinephrine - answerAdrenergic agonists
Metoprolol (Lopressor) - answerAdrenergic/beta 1 antagonist
Used to treat heart failure
Beta blocker also used for angina
Conversions - answer1000 ml = 1 liter = 1kg = 2.2 pounds
Furosemide - answerBlocks reabsorption of sodium, chloride and water in the
ascending loop of Henle; termed high-ceiling diuretics
Used for patients in end stage renal disease (low GFR)
Hydrochlorothiazide - answerSame category as Furosemide and has same effects but
is less powerful than Furosemide
Not be the drug chosen with patients who have renal failure
First line drug in patients who have HTN
Spironolactone - answerPotassium sparing diuretic
Inhibits aldosterone at the late distal tubule resulting in mild sodium and water excretion
and substantial potassium reabsorption
Mannitol - answerNon-reabsorbed "sugar" solute added to filtrate. Water pulled into
tubule by osmotic gradient. Significant diuresis.
Never used in patients with heart failure because vascular osmotic effect precedes renal
diuretic effect
Things to assess before giving diuretic medications - answerBP
Sodium level
Potassium level
Chloride level
Intake and output
Weight changes
Hydrochlorothiazide - answerMain drug to treat HTN
Except for patients with chronic kidney disease
Sympathetic nervous system - answer Form of autonomic nervous system (involuntary)
Fight & flight response
Beta 1 and 2, and alpha 1 and 2 receptors "adrenergic"
Neurotransmitters = Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, dopamine
Parasympathetic nervous system - answer Form of autonomic nervous system
(involuntary)
Responsible for rest & digestion & secretion
"Cholinergic and muscarinic" receptors Neurotransmitter: acetylcholine
Agonist - answerDrug that activates a receptor
Antagonist - answerDrug that turns off or blocks a receptor
Albuterol (Proventil) - answerSelective beta 2 agonist - effects sympathetic nervous
system
Commonly used for patients with asthma
Beta 2 receptors - answerLocated in the arterioles of heart, lung, and skeletal muscles;
lungs; liver; and uterus
Regulate sympathetic nervous system
Beta 1 receptors - answerLocated in heart and kidney
Regulate sympathetic nervous system
Alpha 1 receptors - answerLocated in the eyes; arterioles of heart, lung, and skeletal
muscle
Regulate sympathetic nervous system
Atropine - answerCholinergic drug
Muscarinic antagonist
Turns off parasympathetic nervous system, increases myocardial oxygen demand and
may be used at end of life or before surgery to reduce secretions in throat
Cholinergic drugs - answerEffect parasympathetic nervous system
Atropine is an example
Bethanechol (Urecholine)
Bethanechol (Urecholine) - answerCholinergic drug
, Muscarinic agonist
Often used when someone is experiencing urinary retention
Not selective for urinary system
Pyridostigmine (Mestinon) - answerCholinesterase inhibitors; Effects somatic system
(voluntary movements); used for Myasthenia gravis
Adrenergic drugs - answerEffects sympathetic system Epinephrine
Metoprolol (Lopressor)
Epinephrine - answerAdrenergic agonists
Metoprolol (Lopressor) - answerAdrenergic/beta 1 antagonist
Used to treat heart failure
Beta blocker also used for angina
Conversions - answer1000 ml = 1 liter = 1kg = 2.2 pounds
Furosemide - answerBlocks reabsorption of sodium, chloride and water in the
ascending loop of Henle; termed high-ceiling diuretics
Used for patients in end stage renal disease (low GFR)
Hydrochlorothiazide - answerSame category as Furosemide and has same effects but
is less powerful than Furosemide
Not be the drug chosen with patients who have renal failure
First line drug in patients who have HTN
Spironolactone - answerPotassium sparing diuretic
Inhibits aldosterone at the late distal tubule resulting in mild sodium and water excretion
and substantial potassium reabsorption
Mannitol - answerNon-reabsorbed "sugar" solute added to filtrate. Water pulled into
tubule by osmotic gradient. Significant diuresis.
Never used in patients with heart failure because vascular osmotic effect precedes renal
diuretic effect
Things to assess before giving diuretic medications - answerBP
Sodium level
Potassium level
Chloride level
Intake and output
Weight changes
Hydrochlorothiazide - answerMain drug to treat HTN
Except for patients with chronic kidney disease
