NURS215 Exam #3 Questions And Accurate Answers
Physiological rationale for hanging 0.9% NS or D5W on a client who has been having
diarrhea includes: - ANSWER Promoting the absorption of osmotically active particles
Correct
Explanation:
Water absorption from the intestine depends on absorption of osmotically active
particles including glucose and sodium. It follows that a key factor in promoting the
movement of water across the intestine-and reducing diarrhea-after transient
disturbance in the bowel is to add sodium and glucose to the fluids taken in. None of the
other distractors focuses on this principle. The pancreatic enzymes trypsin and elastase
must be activated to digest and then absorb proteins. Emulsification of fats, which
begins in the stomach, continues in the duodenum through the action of bile from the
liver.
Which of the following carbohydrates is paired with its correct enzyme involved in
digestion? - ANSWER Sucrose and sucrase
Correct
Explanation:
Sucrose is an dietary carbohydrate digested by sucrase - enzyme. The product includes
the two monosaccharides: fructose and glucose.
The student is looking at the esophagus and is correctly telling the faculty member
which of the following?-ANSWER "The smooth muscle layers provide the peristaltic
movements needed to move food along the length of the esophagus."
Correct
Explanation:
Smooth muscle layers provide the peristaltic movements that propel food along the
length of the esophagus. The upper sphincter, called the pharyngoesophageal
sphincter, prevents air from entering the esophagus and stomach when breathing. The
lower esophageal sphincter passes through an opening, or hiatus, in the diaphragm.
,Serous fluid is contained in which of the following? - ANSWER Peritoneal cavity
Correct
Explanation:
The peritoneal cavity is between the viseral and parietal peritoneum. This is the area
that contains fluid secreted by the serous membranes. Serous fluid creates a moist
slippery surface that reduces friction between the abdominal structures that are moving
constantly. The others do not contain serous fluid.
Which of the following functions is performed by saliva? - ANSWER Antimicrobial
protection
Correct
Explanation:
Saliva has three functions: lubrication, antimicrobial activity, and the initiation of starch
digestion. Saliva does not stimulate intestinal flora growth, buffer the actions of gastric
secretions, or supply catalysts for brush border enzymes.
Where is the digestion of starch initiated? ANSWER Mouth
Correct
Explanation: Amylase in the mouth initiates the digestion of starch.
Which of the following statements is true with regard to gastric enterocytes? - ANSWER
Correct answer: They secrete enzymes that aid in digestion of proteins.
Explanation:
Gastric enterocytes secrete enzymes that aid in the digestion of carbohydrates and
proteins.
A patient has cholecystitis of the gallbladder such that normal release of bile is
compromised. Which of the following GI consequences is this patient most likely to
present with? - ANSWER Impaired digestion of fats
Correct
Explanation:
, Bile is an essential component of fat digestion. Gallbladder disease and the resulting
inhibition of normal bile secretion have no effect on impaired carbohydrate digestion,
impaired glucose utilization, or inadequate hydrochloric acid production.
Which of the following vitamins do colonic microbes produce? - QUESTION Correct
answer: K
Explanation:
Colonic microorganisms synthesize vitamins and contribute to the absorption of
calcium, magnesium, and iron. Colonic flora synthesize vitamin K.
A student is comparing the different parts of the GI tract. Which of the following
statements demonstrates understanding? - ANSWER "The mouth is the receptacle
where initial digestive processes take place."
Correct
Explanation:
The GI tract may be structurally divided into three regions: the upper, middle, and lower
segments. The upper portion contains the mouth and esophagus and is a receiving
reservoir through which food passes and where initial digestive processes take place.
The middle portion contains the jejunum and is the site at which most of the digestive
and absorptive processes take place. The lower segment contains the cecum and it
serves as a storage channel through which waste is efficiently eliminated.
Which of the following best describes the role of the secretory glands of the GI tract? -
ANSWER The secretory glands produce mucus that lubricates and protects the mucosal
layer of the GI tract wall.
Correct
Explanation:
Secretory glands of the GI tract have two basic functions: the secretion of mucus to
lubricate and protect the wall of the GI tract, and the secretion of fluid and enzymes to
participate in the digestive and absorptive processes. About 7000 milliliters of fluid are
secreted daily into the GI tract. Secretory activity increases with parasympathetic
stimulation and is inhibited by sympathetic activity. The secretions are mainly water
containing sodium and potassium.
Physiological rationale for hanging 0.9% NS or D5W on a client who has been having
diarrhea includes: - ANSWER Promoting the absorption of osmotically active particles
Correct
Explanation:
Water absorption from the intestine depends on absorption of osmotically active
particles including glucose and sodium. It follows that a key factor in promoting the
movement of water across the intestine-and reducing diarrhea-after transient
disturbance in the bowel is to add sodium and glucose to the fluids taken in. None of the
other distractors focuses on this principle. The pancreatic enzymes trypsin and elastase
must be activated to digest and then absorb proteins. Emulsification of fats, which
begins in the stomach, continues in the duodenum through the action of bile from the
liver.
Which of the following carbohydrates is paired with its correct enzyme involved in
digestion? - ANSWER Sucrose and sucrase
Correct
Explanation:
Sucrose is an dietary carbohydrate digested by sucrase - enzyme. The product includes
the two monosaccharides: fructose and glucose.
The student is looking at the esophagus and is correctly telling the faculty member
which of the following?-ANSWER "The smooth muscle layers provide the peristaltic
movements needed to move food along the length of the esophagus."
Correct
Explanation:
Smooth muscle layers provide the peristaltic movements that propel food along the
length of the esophagus. The upper sphincter, called the pharyngoesophageal
sphincter, prevents air from entering the esophagus and stomach when breathing. The
lower esophageal sphincter passes through an opening, or hiatus, in the diaphragm.
,Serous fluid is contained in which of the following? - ANSWER Peritoneal cavity
Correct
Explanation:
The peritoneal cavity is between the viseral and parietal peritoneum. This is the area
that contains fluid secreted by the serous membranes. Serous fluid creates a moist
slippery surface that reduces friction between the abdominal structures that are moving
constantly. The others do not contain serous fluid.
Which of the following functions is performed by saliva? - ANSWER Antimicrobial
protection
Correct
Explanation:
Saliva has three functions: lubrication, antimicrobial activity, and the initiation of starch
digestion. Saliva does not stimulate intestinal flora growth, buffer the actions of gastric
secretions, or supply catalysts for brush border enzymes.
Where is the digestion of starch initiated? ANSWER Mouth
Correct
Explanation: Amylase in the mouth initiates the digestion of starch.
Which of the following statements is true with regard to gastric enterocytes? - ANSWER
Correct answer: They secrete enzymes that aid in digestion of proteins.
Explanation:
Gastric enterocytes secrete enzymes that aid in the digestion of carbohydrates and
proteins.
A patient has cholecystitis of the gallbladder such that normal release of bile is
compromised. Which of the following GI consequences is this patient most likely to
present with? - ANSWER Impaired digestion of fats
Correct
Explanation:
, Bile is an essential component of fat digestion. Gallbladder disease and the resulting
inhibition of normal bile secretion have no effect on impaired carbohydrate digestion,
impaired glucose utilization, or inadequate hydrochloric acid production.
Which of the following vitamins do colonic microbes produce? - QUESTION Correct
answer: K
Explanation:
Colonic microorganisms synthesize vitamins and contribute to the absorption of
calcium, magnesium, and iron. Colonic flora synthesize vitamin K.
A student is comparing the different parts of the GI tract. Which of the following
statements demonstrates understanding? - ANSWER "The mouth is the receptacle
where initial digestive processes take place."
Correct
Explanation:
The GI tract may be structurally divided into three regions: the upper, middle, and lower
segments. The upper portion contains the mouth and esophagus and is a receiving
reservoir through which food passes and where initial digestive processes take place.
The middle portion contains the jejunum and is the site at which most of the digestive
and absorptive processes take place. The lower segment contains the cecum and it
serves as a storage channel through which waste is efficiently eliminated.
Which of the following best describes the role of the secretory glands of the GI tract? -
ANSWER The secretory glands produce mucus that lubricates and protects the mucosal
layer of the GI tract wall.
Correct
Explanation:
Secretory glands of the GI tract have two basic functions: the secretion of mucus to
lubricate and protect the wall of the GI tract, and the secretion of fluid and enzymes to
participate in the digestive and absorptive processes. About 7000 milliliters of fluid are
secreted daily into the GI tract. Secretory activity increases with parasympathetic
stimulation and is inhibited by sympathetic activity. The secretions are mainly water
containing sodium and potassium.
