NURS 426 EXAM IST PRACTICE 2024-2025.
What does ST elevation indicate? - ANSWER Blockage in the heart- MI
NonSTEMI vs STEMI - ANSWER Stemi results from complete and prolonged
occlusion of an epicardial coronary blood vessel and is defined based on an ECG
NonStemi- results from severe coronary artery narrowing, transient occlusion, or
microembolization of thrombus
Cardiac Tamponade - ANSWER develops as the pericardial effusion volume
increases and compresses the heart
Pt reports chest pain, confused, anxious and restless. Decrease CO, muffled heart
sounds narrow pulse pressure tachypnea and tachycardia.
Pulsus Paradoxus: if present large decrease in Systolic BP during inspiration
What diagnosis a cardiac tamponade? - ANSWER Echocardiogram
pericardiocentesis - ANSWER surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the sac
surrounding the heart- can be completed with an acute cardiac tamponade and
pericardial effusion
A STEMI is an emergency situation. - ANSWER
Pericarditis pain increases with inspiration and the pain subsides when the pt sits
up and leans forward but is worse when they lay down. - ANSWER
Pericarditis places the pt at risk for developing what condition? - ANSWER Cardiac
tamponade and decreased CO
What do nurses do first for pts with sickle cell - ANSWER 1st Give O2 to prevent
hypoxia and control sickling
Fluids are also administered to reduce blood viscosity and maintain renal profusion
Priapism is managed with pain medications and fluids
Any febrile illness in a pt with SCD is an emergency
What is the most common illness in pts with SCD? - ANSWER Pneumonia
What are normal HGB and HCT? - ANSWER HGB Female 12-16
HGB Men 14-18
HCT Female 37-47
HCT Males: 42-52
Be able to identify purpura, petechia - ANSWER
Site of bone marrow aspiration? - ANSWER posterior iliac crest
Post bone marrow aspiration who should the pt be positioned - ANSWER Supine
for 30-60 minutes
What defines mild anemia? - ANSWER Mild: Hgb (10-12) may be asymptomatic- if
symptoms develop it may be from an underlying condition or a compensatory
response to heavy exercise (palpitations, dyspnea, and mild fatigue)
, NURS 426 EXAM IST PRACTICE 2024-2025.
What defines moderate anemia? - ANSWER Moderate: Hgb (6-10) increase in
cardiopulmonary symptoms. Pt. may have them while resting as well as with activity.
What defines severe anemia? - ANSWER Severe: Hgb less than 6, pt. has many
manifestations multiple body systems. (skin: pallor, jaundice, itching)
What defines aplastic anemia? - ANSWER Aplastic: decrease of all blood cell
types- RBCs, WBCs, and platelets)
Fatigue, dyspnea, susceptible to infection (due to neutropenia), risk for shock and
death, Thrombocytopenia can lead to bleeding (petechia, bruising, nosebleeds)
What defines iron deficiency anemia? - ANSWER Iron deficiency: may develop
from inadequate diet, malabsorption, blood loss, or hemolysis.
Pallor, glossitis (inflammation of tongue), cheilitis (inflammation of lips), may report
headache, paresthesia, and a burning sensation on tongue.
When to take iron supplements? - ANSWER Iron should be taken 1 hour before
meals
Vit C enhanced absorption
Some IV and IM iron preparations have a risk for allergic reactions so monitor the pt
accordingly
Iron is best absorbed in duodenum or jejunum.
Daily dose should provide 100-200 mg of elemental iron. This should be taken in 3-4
daily doses.
Iron is best absorbed in an acidic environment. Avoid binding with food, iron should
be taken an hour before meals. Taking iron with vitamin C or orange juice enhances
absorption. Iron may be taken with meals if absolutely needed to decrease GI
effects.
Undiluted liquid iron may stain teeth, so dilute it and have pt. drink through straw.
Gi side effects may occur including: heartburn, constipation, and diarrhea. Have pt.
stay upright for 30 minutes after taking oral forms. - ANSWER
How is chronic blood loss managed? - ANSWER Sources are similar to iron
deficiency anemia (bleeding ulcer, hemorrhoids, menstrual and postmenopausal
blood loss.)
Effects are usually due to depleted iron stores.
Management includes findings the underlying cause and stopping the bleeding.
The patient may need iron supplements.
What does Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) treat? - ANSWER
Aplastic amenia
Thrombocytopenia - ANSWER low platelet count less than 150,000
What is ITP (Immune Thrombocytopenia)? - ANSWER Your antibodies, which are
supposed to attack infections, instead mistakenly destroy your platelets
Acquired immune disorder where there is abnormal platelet destruction. Decreases
platelet production contributes to ITP. Sometimes, autoimmune (self-destroying)
What does ST elevation indicate? - ANSWER Blockage in the heart- MI
NonSTEMI vs STEMI - ANSWER Stemi results from complete and prolonged
occlusion of an epicardial coronary blood vessel and is defined based on an ECG
NonStemi- results from severe coronary artery narrowing, transient occlusion, or
microembolization of thrombus
Cardiac Tamponade - ANSWER develops as the pericardial effusion volume
increases and compresses the heart
Pt reports chest pain, confused, anxious and restless. Decrease CO, muffled heart
sounds narrow pulse pressure tachypnea and tachycardia.
Pulsus Paradoxus: if present large decrease in Systolic BP during inspiration
What diagnosis a cardiac tamponade? - ANSWER Echocardiogram
pericardiocentesis - ANSWER surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the sac
surrounding the heart- can be completed with an acute cardiac tamponade and
pericardial effusion
A STEMI is an emergency situation. - ANSWER
Pericarditis pain increases with inspiration and the pain subsides when the pt sits
up and leans forward but is worse when they lay down. - ANSWER
Pericarditis places the pt at risk for developing what condition? - ANSWER Cardiac
tamponade and decreased CO
What do nurses do first for pts with sickle cell - ANSWER 1st Give O2 to prevent
hypoxia and control sickling
Fluids are also administered to reduce blood viscosity and maintain renal profusion
Priapism is managed with pain medications and fluids
Any febrile illness in a pt with SCD is an emergency
What is the most common illness in pts with SCD? - ANSWER Pneumonia
What are normal HGB and HCT? - ANSWER HGB Female 12-16
HGB Men 14-18
HCT Female 37-47
HCT Males: 42-52
Be able to identify purpura, petechia - ANSWER
Site of bone marrow aspiration? - ANSWER posterior iliac crest
Post bone marrow aspiration who should the pt be positioned - ANSWER Supine
for 30-60 minutes
What defines mild anemia? - ANSWER Mild: Hgb (10-12) may be asymptomatic- if
symptoms develop it may be from an underlying condition or a compensatory
response to heavy exercise (palpitations, dyspnea, and mild fatigue)
, NURS 426 EXAM IST PRACTICE 2024-2025.
What defines moderate anemia? - ANSWER Moderate: Hgb (6-10) increase in
cardiopulmonary symptoms. Pt. may have them while resting as well as with activity.
What defines severe anemia? - ANSWER Severe: Hgb less than 6, pt. has many
manifestations multiple body systems. (skin: pallor, jaundice, itching)
What defines aplastic anemia? - ANSWER Aplastic: decrease of all blood cell
types- RBCs, WBCs, and platelets)
Fatigue, dyspnea, susceptible to infection (due to neutropenia), risk for shock and
death, Thrombocytopenia can lead to bleeding (petechia, bruising, nosebleeds)
What defines iron deficiency anemia? - ANSWER Iron deficiency: may develop
from inadequate diet, malabsorption, blood loss, or hemolysis.
Pallor, glossitis (inflammation of tongue), cheilitis (inflammation of lips), may report
headache, paresthesia, and a burning sensation on tongue.
When to take iron supplements? - ANSWER Iron should be taken 1 hour before
meals
Vit C enhanced absorption
Some IV and IM iron preparations have a risk for allergic reactions so monitor the pt
accordingly
Iron is best absorbed in duodenum or jejunum.
Daily dose should provide 100-200 mg of elemental iron. This should be taken in 3-4
daily doses.
Iron is best absorbed in an acidic environment. Avoid binding with food, iron should
be taken an hour before meals. Taking iron with vitamin C or orange juice enhances
absorption. Iron may be taken with meals if absolutely needed to decrease GI
effects.
Undiluted liquid iron may stain teeth, so dilute it and have pt. drink through straw.
Gi side effects may occur including: heartburn, constipation, and diarrhea. Have pt.
stay upright for 30 minutes after taking oral forms. - ANSWER
How is chronic blood loss managed? - ANSWER Sources are similar to iron
deficiency anemia (bleeding ulcer, hemorrhoids, menstrual and postmenopausal
blood loss.)
Effects are usually due to depleted iron stores.
Management includes findings the underlying cause and stopping the bleeding.
The patient may need iron supplements.
What does Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) treat? - ANSWER
Aplastic amenia
Thrombocytopenia - ANSWER low platelet count less than 150,000
What is ITP (Immune Thrombocytopenia)? - ANSWER Your antibodies, which are
supposed to attack infections, instead mistakenly destroy your platelets
Acquired immune disorder where there is abnormal platelet destruction. Decreases
platelet production contributes to ITP. Sometimes, autoimmune (self-destroying)
