LOUISIANA HORTICULTURE EXAM STUDY GUIDE
4 major plant parts include - Answers-roots
stems
leaves
reproductive parts
4 functions of the root system include - Answers-absorption
anchorage
conduction
storage
2 kind of root systems found in plants are - Answers-fibrous root systems
and
taproot systems
Fibrous root system - Answers-root system that consists of numerous multi-branched
roots that are slender; no one root is more prominent than the other.
Tap root system (more difficult to transplant) - Answers-root system that consists of one
main root that grows directly downward from which branch roots arise;
carrot or a woody root (oak,maple)
What should you do if a plant becomes root bound within their containers? - Answers-
Spread the roots out or prune them to encourage the root system to grow outward
3 primary functions of the stems are - Answers-Support
conduction
storage
Conduction - Answers-the movement of water, mineral solutions, and substances
manufactured in the plant.
xylem - Answers-water and mineral solution move upward from the roots to the leaves
through inner tissues called
phloem - Answers-manufactured food from the leaves move out of the leaves through
outer stem tissues called
What 2 tissues form the vascular system of the plant? - Answers-xylem and phloem
,Cambium layer - Answers-The tissue between the xylem and phloem is called the
____________. Plant function growth depends on uninterrupted conduction.
Monocotyledonous Plants (single leaf monocots) - Answers-The xylem and phloem
tissues are formed in bundles scattered in a discontinuous vascular system through the
stem.
Corn, grass, lilies, orchids
Dicotyledonous Plants (two seed leaves dicots)
Gymnosperms Plants (many seed leaves) - Answers-the xylem is formed on the inside
next to the heartwood surrounded by a continuous layer of cambium with the phloem on
the outside.
Tree, shrubs, annuals, and perrennials
Girdle - Answers-is a complete circle of dead tissue around the stem which interrupts
the food supply pipeline.
Nodes and internodes - Answers-Areas of the stems where leaves emerge are called
____________ and the space between are called __________.
axillary bud and axil - Answers-in the angle where each leaf joins the stem, there is an
_________________ which is compressed, dormant stem. The angle is called the
______ of the leaf.
Asexual reproductive structures - Answers-Some plants have modified stem and roots
structures that store exceptionally large amounts of food and function as
Corms, such as gladiolus - Answers-solid stem structures with remains of dried scale
leaves surrounding and protecting them. Cycle of changes are controlled by
temperature.
Rhizome, such as Louisiana - Answers-the main axis or stem of the plant is in a
horizontal position underground
Stolons - Answers-Cylindrical horizontal stems found above ground similar to a rhizome
Tuberous roots (sweet potato) - Answers-roots that do not have nodes and buds
crown - Answers-the area where the stem and root tissue meets
Biennial Root - Answers-Roots that are living through two growing seasons
Annual Top Root - Answers-Root living through one growing season
October until December - Answers-Outdoor planting of spring bulbs can be done from
, Dicot Leaf - Answers-Leaf that generally has netted venation, one or more prominent
veins with branches forming a conspicuous net
Mono Leaf - Answers-Leaf that generally has parallel veins with inconspicuous
branching between the veins as in corn
Photosynthesis and transpiration - Answers-Leaves have two main functions to carry
out: ______________ and _______________.
Photosynthesis - Answers-the process whereby carbon dioxide and water are
eventually transformed into sugars (glucose) by the living cell using energy from visible
light absorbed by chlorophyll (green pigments)
Transpiration - Answers-the process whereby the leaf gives off water into the
atmosphere and temperature of the leaf is regulated to reduce injury from excessive
heat build up
water deficit making the plant wilt - Answers-What occurs when transpiration is more
rapid than absorption?
Lower water pressure at the TOP of the plant - Answers-Water movement from the
roots through the stems to the leaves depends on
Angiosperms - Answers-Plants that bloom and develop fruit which encloses the seed
gymnosperms - Answers-plants that have no true flowers or fruit, but bear their seeds
uncovered in cones or similar structures such as conifers
receptacle - Answers-flowers are borne on an enlarged portion of the stem called the
sepals - Answers-outer set of green floral leaves called __________ enclose the other
parts of the flower until these are nearly mature.
Calyx - Answers-collectively , the sepals comprise the ______.
Corolla - Answers-An entire set of petals is called the ________.
Stamens - Answers-are the male parts of the flower and are composed of pollen-
bearing anthers supported by filaments.
Pistils - Answers-female part of the plants that consist of an ovule-bearing base, the
ovary, supporting an elongated region called the style
stigma - Answers-expanded tip of the style is called the
self fertile
4 major plant parts include - Answers-roots
stems
leaves
reproductive parts
4 functions of the root system include - Answers-absorption
anchorage
conduction
storage
2 kind of root systems found in plants are - Answers-fibrous root systems
and
taproot systems
Fibrous root system - Answers-root system that consists of numerous multi-branched
roots that are slender; no one root is more prominent than the other.
Tap root system (more difficult to transplant) - Answers-root system that consists of one
main root that grows directly downward from which branch roots arise;
carrot or a woody root (oak,maple)
What should you do if a plant becomes root bound within their containers? - Answers-
Spread the roots out or prune them to encourage the root system to grow outward
3 primary functions of the stems are - Answers-Support
conduction
storage
Conduction - Answers-the movement of water, mineral solutions, and substances
manufactured in the plant.
xylem - Answers-water and mineral solution move upward from the roots to the leaves
through inner tissues called
phloem - Answers-manufactured food from the leaves move out of the leaves through
outer stem tissues called
What 2 tissues form the vascular system of the plant? - Answers-xylem and phloem
,Cambium layer - Answers-The tissue between the xylem and phloem is called the
____________. Plant function growth depends on uninterrupted conduction.
Monocotyledonous Plants (single leaf monocots) - Answers-The xylem and phloem
tissues are formed in bundles scattered in a discontinuous vascular system through the
stem.
Corn, grass, lilies, orchids
Dicotyledonous Plants (two seed leaves dicots)
Gymnosperms Plants (many seed leaves) - Answers-the xylem is formed on the inside
next to the heartwood surrounded by a continuous layer of cambium with the phloem on
the outside.
Tree, shrubs, annuals, and perrennials
Girdle - Answers-is a complete circle of dead tissue around the stem which interrupts
the food supply pipeline.
Nodes and internodes - Answers-Areas of the stems where leaves emerge are called
____________ and the space between are called __________.
axillary bud and axil - Answers-in the angle where each leaf joins the stem, there is an
_________________ which is compressed, dormant stem. The angle is called the
______ of the leaf.
Asexual reproductive structures - Answers-Some plants have modified stem and roots
structures that store exceptionally large amounts of food and function as
Corms, such as gladiolus - Answers-solid stem structures with remains of dried scale
leaves surrounding and protecting them. Cycle of changes are controlled by
temperature.
Rhizome, such as Louisiana - Answers-the main axis or stem of the plant is in a
horizontal position underground
Stolons - Answers-Cylindrical horizontal stems found above ground similar to a rhizome
Tuberous roots (sweet potato) - Answers-roots that do not have nodes and buds
crown - Answers-the area where the stem and root tissue meets
Biennial Root - Answers-Roots that are living through two growing seasons
Annual Top Root - Answers-Root living through one growing season
October until December - Answers-Outdoor planting of spring bulbs can be done from
, Dicot Leaf - Answers-Leaf that generally has netted venation, one or more prominent
veins with branches forming a conspicuous net
Mono Leaf - Answers-Leaf that generally has parallel veins with inconspicuous
branching between the veins as in corn
Photosynthesis and transpiration - Answers-Leaves have two main functions to carry
out: ______________ and _______________.
Photosynthesis - Answers-the process whereby carbon dioxide and water are
eventually transformed into sugars (glucose) by the living cell using energy from visible
light absorbed by chlorophyll (green pigments)
Transpiration - Answers-the process whereby the leaf gives off water into the
atmosphere and temperature of the leaf is regulated to reduce injury from excessive
heat build up
water deficit making the plant wilt - Answers-What occurs when transpiration is more
rapid than absorption?
Lower water pressure at the TOP of the plant - Answers-Water movement from the
roots through the stems to the leaves depends on
Angiosperms - Answers-Plants that bloom and develop fruit which encloses the seed
gymnosperms - Answers-plants that have no true flowers or fruit, but bear their seeds
uncovered in cones or similar structures such as conifers
receptacle - Answers-flowers are borne on an enlarged portion of the stem called the
sepals - Answers-outer set of green floral leaves called __________ enclose the other
parts of the flower until these are nearly mature.
Calyx - Answers-collectively , the sepals comprise the ______.
Corolla - Answers-An entire set of petals is called the ________.
Stamens - Answers-are the male parts of the flower and are composed of pollen-
bearing anthers supported by filaments.
Pistils - Answers-female part of the plants that consist of an ovule-bearing base, the
ovary, supporting an elongated region called the style
stigma - Answers-expanded tip of the style is called the
self fertile
