RASMUSSEN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 TEST BANK 15O LATEST QUESTIONS
AND WELL ELABORATED ANSWERS ALREADY RANKED A GRADE PASS
Define osteomyelitis - ANSWER- inflammation of bone and bone marrow because of an infection
Rough ER - ANSWER- That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.
Smooth ER - ANSWER- That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.
Homeostasis - ANSWER- A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of
any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
Hypertrophy - ANSWER- increase in muscle/tissue size, excessive development
atrophy - ANSWER- the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any progressive decline or failure; to
waste away
function of mitochondria - ANSWER- ATP production/cellular respiration, powerhouse of the cell
Ischemia - ANSWER- an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart
muscles.
S/S of Objective Data - ANSWER- Any observations made by using your senses (pts. blood pressure,
physical findings, and lab values)
S/S of Subjective Data - ANSWER- Any symptoms pt. complains of, what the pt. feels (pain)
Epinephrine - ANSWER- Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress. Also
known as adrenaline.
,Renin - ANSWER- hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing
vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)
What causes edema? - ANSWER- -reduced concentration of plasma proteins
-increased permeability of capillary wall
-increased venous pressure
-blockage of lymph vessels
Signs and symptoms of fluid excess - ANSWER- edema, dysnpea (trouble breathing), hyptertension (high
bp), JVD, pulse increase and bounding, weight increase
Signs and symptoms of dehydration - ANSWER- Dry mucous membranes, decreased skin turgor, Low BP,
Low pulse, fatigue, Increased HCT, decreased mental function, confusion, and loss of consciousness
S/S of hypocalcemia - ANSWER- - muscle twitches/tetany
- hyperactive DTRs
- positive Chvostek's sign (tapping on the facial nerve triggering facial twitching)
- positive Trousseau's sign (hand/finger spasms with sustained blood pressure cuff inflation)
- seizures
Osmosis - ANSWER- Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Diffusion - ANSWER- Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration.
active transport - ANSWER- Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane
against a concentration difference
Effect of hypertonic solution - ANSWER- cell shrinks and can die
,effect of a hypotonic solution - ANSWER- cell swells and can burst
active immunity - ANSWER- A form of acquired immunity in which the body produces its own antibodies
against disease-causing antigens.
passive immunity - ANSWER- An individual does not produce his or her own antibodies, but rather
receives them directly from another source, such as mother to infant through breast milk
Examples of active immunity - ANSWER- natural infection, vaccines,
Examples of passive immunity - ANSWER- IgA in breast milk, maternal IgG crossing placenta, antitoxin,
humanized monoclonal antibody
acquired immunity - ANSWER- Immunity that is present only after exposure and is highly specific.
examples of acquired immunity - ANSWER- 1) having the infection 2) vaccination
innate immunity - ANSWER- Immunity that is present before exposure and effective from birth.
Responds to a broad range of pathogens.
Examples of innate immunity - ANSWER- skin, hair, cilia, mucus membranes, digestive enzymes, stomach
acidity, inflammatory response, fever, inflammation
5 P's of compartment syndrome - ANSWER- pain, pallor, pulselessness, paralysis, paresthesia
Signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome - ANSWER- severe pain or burning sensation
decreased strength in the extremity
paralysis of the extremity
pain with movement
extremity feeling hard to palpation
, distal pulses, motor and sensory function possibly normal
emergency care focuses on treating any life threatening injuries first: immobilize and splint the affected
extremity and apply a cold pack or ice
it is extremely important to transport the patient since he may lose the limb if compartment syndrome
is not treated quickly and effectively
Osteoarthritis - ANSWER- inflammation of the bones and joints
Causes of osteoarthritis - ANSWER- -Heredity
-Obesity
-Injury
-Joint overuse
causes of osteoporosis - ANSWER- -Inactivity
-Nutritional deficits: ↓ Calcium , Vit. D, B, & B-12 & Folic Acid
-Lack of weight bearing activity
-Elderly
-Family history
-Hormonal changes
-Lifestyle choices: Tobacco smoking & Excess alcohol
-Medications
Prevention for osteoporosis - ANSWER- - balanced diet high in calcium and vit D
- calcium supplements
- regular weight bearing exercises (walking)
kyphosis - ANSWER- excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back, hunch
back.
AND WELL ELABORATED ANSWERS ALREADY RANKED A GRADE PASS
Define osteomyelitis - ANSWER- inflammation of bone and bone marrow because of an infection
Rough ER - ANSWER- That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.
Smooth ER - ANSWER- That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.
Homeostasis - ANSWER- A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of
any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
Hypertrophy - ANSWER- increase in muscle/tissue size, excessive development
atrophy - ANSWER- the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any progressive decline or failure; to
waste away
function of mitochondria - ANSWER- ATP production/cellular respiration, powerhouse of the cell
Ischemia - ANSWER- an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart
muscles.
S/S of Objective Data - ANSWER- Any observations made by using your senses (pts. blood pressure,
physical findings, and lab values)
S/S of Subjective Data - ANSWER- Any symptoms pt. complains of, what the pt. feels (pain)
Epinephrine - ANSWER- Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress. Also
known as adrenaline.
,Renin - ANSWER- hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing
vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)
What causes edema? - ANSWER- -reduced concentration of plasma proteins
-increased permeability of capillary wall
-increased venous pressure
-blockage of lymph vessels
Signs and symptoms of fluid excess - ANSWER- edema, dysnpea (trouble breathing), hyptertension (high
bp), JVD, pulse increase and bounding, weight increase
Signs and symptoms of dehydration - ANSWER- Dry mucous membranes, decreased skin turgor, Low BP,
Low pulse, fatigue, Increased HCT, decreased mental function, confusion, and loss of consciousness
S/S of hypocalcemia - ANSWER- - muscle twitches/tetany
- hyperactive DTRs
- positive Chvostek's sign (tapping on the facial nerve triggering facial twitching)
- positive Trousseau's sign (hand/finger spasms with sustained blood pressure cuff inflation)
- seizures
Osmosis - ANSWER- Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Diffusion - ANSWER- Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration.
active transport - ANSWER- Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane
against a concentration difference
Effect of hypertonic solution - ANSWER- cell shrinks and can die
,effect of a hypotonic solution - ANSWER- cell swells and can burst
active immunity - ANSWER- A form of acquired immunity in which the body produces its own antibodies
against disease-causing antigens.
passive immunity - ANSWER- An individual does not produce his or her own antibodies, but rather
receives them directly from another source, such as mother to infant through breast milk
Examples of active immunity - ANSWER- natural infection, vaccines,
Examples of passive immunity - ANSWER- IgA in breast milk, maternal IgG crossing placenta, antitoxin,
humanized monoclonal antibody
acquired immunity - ANSWER- Immunity that is present only after exposure and is highly specific.
examples of acquired immunity - ANSWER- 1) having the infection 2) vaccination
innate immunity - ANSWER- Immunity that is present before exposure and effective from birth.
Responds to a broad range of pathogens.
Examples of innate immunity - ANSWER- skin, hair, cilia, mucus membranes, digestive enzymes, stomach
acidity, inflammatory response, fever, inflammation
5 P's of compartment syndrome - ANSWER- pain, pallor, pulselessness, paralysis, paresthesia
Signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome - ANSWER- severe pain or burning sensation
decreased strength in the extremity
paralysis of the extremity
pain with movement
extremity feeling hard to palpation
, distal pulses, motor and sensory function possibly normal
emergency care focuses on treating any life threatening injuries first: immobilize and splint the affected
extremity and apply a cold pack or ice
it is extremely important to transport the patient since he may lose the limb if compartment syndrome
is not treated quickly and effectively
Osteoarthritis - ANSWER- inflammation of the bones and joints
Causes of osteoarthritis - ANSWER- -Heredity
-Obesity
-Injury
-Joint overuse
causes of osteoporosis - ANSWER- -Inactivity
-Nutritional deficits: ↓ Calcium , Vit. D, B, & B-12 & Folic Acid
-Lack of weight bearing activity
-Elderly
-Family history
-Hormonal changes
-Lifestyle choices: Tobacco smoking & Excess alcohol
-Medications
Prevention for osteoporosis - ANSWER- - balanced diet high in calcium and vit D
- calcium supplements
- regular weight bearing exercises (walking)
kyphosis - ANSWER- excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back, hunch
back.
