Test Bank Solution Manual for NCE-Family Therapy 100% Pass
Systems Paradigm - Answers Walsh (2002) articulates common tenets of systematic models of family
therapy
Nonsummativity - Answers The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Components of a system can
be understood only within the context of the whole system. (Walsh-Systems paradigm)
Boundaries - Answers Define the borders that separate a family system fro other systems. This makes
the family a distinct entity. (Walsh-Systems paradigm)
Circular casuality - Answers replaces linear cause and effect (walsh-systems paradigm)
A change in one part of a system - Answers affects all other parts of the system. (Walsh-Systems
paradigm)
Systems tend to be self-regulating; - Answers they seek homeostasis or equilibrium. (Walsh-Systems
paradigm)
When a family system is out of balance, - Answers feedback mechanisms attempt to bring the family
back into equilibrium. Feedback is when a portion of a system's output returns to or is fed back into the
system. (Walsh-Systems paradigm)
The methods used to restore equilibrium - Answers can become problems themselves. (Walsh-Systems
paradigm)
The quantity and direction of energy in a system have an impact on the - Answers organization and
functioning of that system. Entropy, the tendency toward disorder, and negentropy, openness to change
and reorganization, both act on systems. (Walsh-Systems paradigm)
A family systems perspective focuses on relationships within - Answers the entire family system rather
than focussing on one individual in the family (Walsh-Systems paradigm)
Equifinality - Answers is the concept that there are multiple causes for any behavior or event and
multiple effects flowing from any behavior or event. This is one of the fundamental concepts of the
systems perspective. (Walsh-Systems paradigm)
Exclusion of All but the Marital Dyad - Answers Counseling of couples necessitates exclusion of other
significant family members. Although it is important to work with the entire system, there are times
when it may be most appropriate to work solely with the marital dyad:
1. Addressing problems directly related to the marital relationship.
2. Attempting to clearly mark the boundaries around the parental subsystem.
3. Respecting the couple's privacy.
,Characteristics of a Healthy couple (Beevar & Beevar, 1996) - Answers 1. Attitudes and beliefs: belief in
multiple realities; therefore, every perception is equally valid. Perceptions are fallible; therefore,
differences can promote growth rather than struggle. People are basically neutral or benign. The
motives of one's partner are usually decent. Human encounters are typically rewarding. Partners have a
systemic perspective: an individual needs to be part of a group in order to have definition, coherence,
and satisfaction. Causes and effects are interchangeable. Behavior is a result of many variables rather
than a single cause. Humans are limited and finite and therefore cannot meet the many needed
satisfactions to be found in relationships.
Behavioral patterns: overt power difference is minimal. There are clear boundaries. The couple operates
primarily in the present. There is a respect for individual choice. Skill in negotiating is apparent. Positive
feelings are shared.
Characteristics of a healthy family as listed by Beevar and Beevar (1996) - Answers 1. a legitimate source
of authority established and supported overtime.
2. a stable rule system established and consistently acted upon.
3. Stable and consistent sharing of nurturing behavior.
4. Effective and stable childbearing and marriage-maintenance practices.
5. A set of goals toward which the family and each individual works.
6. Sufficient flexibility and adaptability to accommodate normal development challenges as well as
unexpected crises.
Life Cycle Stages (Goldenberg and Goldenberg (2000) - Answers refer to the predictable marker events
or phases through which a family progresses.
1. Early stages: Forming and nesting (coupling is when family begins by establishing a common
household with two people. Task: shift from individual independence to couple interdependence.
Becoming three is the stage initiated by the arrival of the first child. Task: interdependence to
incorporation of dependence)
2. Middle Stages: Family separation process (entrances-exit of first child, task: dependence to partial
independence. expansion-phase marked by entrance of last child into world, task: support of continuing
separations. exits-first complete exit of dependent member of family, task: partial separations to first
complete independence.
3. Last stages: finishing: becoming smaller/extended is exit of last child form family, task: continuing
expansion of independence. endings are the final years that begin with the death of one spouse and
continue to death of other partner, task: facilitation of family mourning. Working through final
separations
, Gender Issues - Answers Traditional gender roles in the family system have been under scrutiny in
recent trims. These roles are modeled and taught from an early age by family and society at large.
There has been an increase in the awareness of gender's influence on family interaction. This awareness
has led to recognition of the need to overcome gender stereotypes and co-create new interactive
patterns. Although roles are still typically unequal in terms of work distribution, the pattern of gender-
linked behaviors, expectations, and attitudes regarding gender roles is changing.
Psychodynamic Family Therapy - Answers David Scharff & Jill Scharff
other: Nathan Ackerman, Robin Skynner, Samuel Slipp, James Famo, Melanie Klein
It is an integration of psychoanalytic theory, object relations theory, and family therapy. Uses these
while working toward understanding and growth: principles of listening, responding to the unconscious,
interpreting, developing insight, working with the transference and countertransference. According to
this model, the family is perceived as a system comprised of sets of relationships that function in ways
unique to that family system.
Goals of Psychodynamic Family Therapy - Answers Therapists seek to understand the development of
the individual personality in the context of early parent-child relationships. They also "expand the
family's capacity to perform the holding functions for its members and their capacities to offer holding
to each other." Aid family in expressing true understanding and compassion.
Role of the counselor in Psychodynamic Family Therapy - Answers The therapist is to provide a nurturing
safe environment in which unconscious object relations that are interfering with the current
relationships may be understood and resolved.
Role of the symptom in Psychodynamic Family Therapy - Answers The symptom serves the purpose of
aiding the therapist in identification of the ego identity and the factors involved in its evolution. The
focus shifts from the symptom to the relationship to the objects.
Normal Family development in Psychodynamic Family Therapy - Answers The process of introjection and
identification determine: the personality, organization of mental processes, and the manner in which
individuals relate to each other. The key issues in development include: internalization and
externalization of relationships, attachment and separation, introjection and projection, transmuting
internalization.
Development of behavioral disorders in Psychodynamic Family Therapy - Answers develop when
children mistakenly attribute the qualities of one person to another person resulting in distorted
perceptions.
Object Relations Theory (Psychodynamic Family Therapy) - Answers the combination of the study of
individuals and their basic motives (psychoanalysis) and the study of social relationships (family
therapy). "One looks for the dynamic and personal historical reasons for problems in current
relationships"
Systems Paradigm - Answers Walsh (2002) articulates common tenets of systematic models of family
therapy
Nonsummativity - Answers The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Components of a system can
be understood only within the context of the whole system. (Walsh-Systems paradigm)
Boundaries - Answers Define the borders that separate a family system fro other systems. This makes
the family a distinct entity. (Walsh-Systems paradigm)
Circular casuality - Answers replaces linear cause and effect (walsh-systems paradigm)
A change in one part of a system - Answers affects all other parts of the system. (Walsh-Systems
paradigm)
Systems tend to be self-regulating; - Answers they seek homeostasis or equilibrium. (Walsh-Systems
paradigm)
When a family system is out of balance, - Answers feedback mechanisms attempt to bring the family
back into equilibrium. Feedback is when a portion of a system's output returns to or is fed back into the
system. (Walsh-Systems paradigm)
The methods used to restore equilibrium - Answers can become problems themselves. (Walsh-Systems
paradigm)
The quantity and direction of energy in a system have an impact on the - Answers organization and
functioning of that system. Entropy, the tendency toward disorder, and negentropy, openness to change
and reorganization, both act on systems. (Walsh-Systems paradigm)
A family systems perspective focuses on relationships within - Answers the entire family system rather
than focussing on one individual in the family (Walsh-Systems paradigm)
Equifinality - Answers is the concept that there are multiple causes for any behavior or event and
multiple effects flowing from any behavior or event. This is one of the fundamental concepts of the
systems perspective. (Walsh-Systems paradigm)
Exclusion of All but the Marital Dyad - Answers Counseling of couples necessitates exclusion of other
significant family members. Although it is important to work with the entire system, there are times
when it may be most appropriate to work solely with the marital dyad:
1. Addressing problems directly related to the marital relationship.
2. Attempting to clearly mark the boundaries around the parental subsystem.
3. Respecting the couple's privacy.
,Characteristics of a Healthy couple (Beevar & Beevar, 1996) - Answers 1. Attitudes and beliefs: belief in
multiple realities; therefore, every perception is equally valid. Perceptions are fallible; therefore,
differences can promote growth rather than struggle. People are basically neutral or benign. The
motives of one's partner are usually decent. Human encounters are typically rewarding. Partners have a
systemic perspective: an individual needs to be part of a group in order to have definition, coherence,
and satisfaction. Causes and effects are interchangeable. Behavior is a result of many variables rather
than a single cause. Humans are limited and finite and therefore cannot meet the many needed
satisfactions to be found in relationships.
Behavioral patterns: overt power difference is minimal. There are clear boundaries. The couple operates
primarily in the present. There is a respect for individual choice. Skill in negotiating is apparent. Positive
feelings are shared.
Characteristics of a healthy family as listed by Beevar and Beevar (1996) - Answers 1. a legitimate source
of authority established and supported overtime.
2. a stable rule system established and consistently acted upon.
3. Stable and consistent sharing of nurturing behavior.
4. Effective and stable childbearing and marriage-maintenance practices.
5. A set of goals toward which the family and each individual works.
6. Sufficient flexibility and adaptability to accommodate normal development challenges as well as
unexpected crises.
Life Cycle Stages (Goldenberg and Goldenberg (2000) - Answers refer to the predictable marker events
or phases through which a family progresses.
1. Early stages: Forming and nesting (coupling is when family begins by establishing a common
household with two people. Task: shift from individual independence to couple interdependence.
Becoming three is the stage initiated by the arrival of the first child. Task: interdependence to
incorporation of dependence)
2. Middle Stages: Family separation process (entrances-exit of first child, task: dependence to partial
independence. expansion-phase marked by entrance of last child into world, task: support of continuing
separations. exits-first complete exit of dependent member of family, task: partial separations to first
complete independence.
3. Last stages: finishing: becoming smaller/extended is exit of last child form family, task: continuing
expansion of independence. endings are the final years that begin with the death of one spouse and
continue to death of other partner, task: facilitation of family mourning. Working through final
separations
, Gender Issues - Answers Traditional gender roles in the family system have been under scrutiny in
recent trims. These roles are modeled and taught from an early age by family and society at large.
There has been an increase in the awareness of gender's influence on family interaction. This awareness
has led to recognition of the need to overcome gender stereotypes and co-create new interactive
patterns. Although roles are still typically unequal in terms of work distribution, the pattern of gender-
linked behaviors, expectations, and attitudes regarding gender roles is changing.
Psychodynamic Family Therapy - Answers David Scharff & Jill Scharff
other: Nathan Ackerman, Robin Skynner, Samuel Slipp, James Famo, Melanie Klein
It is an integration of psychoanalytic theory, object relations theory, and family therapy. Uses these
while working toward understanding and growth: principles of listening, responding to the unconscious,
interpreting, developing insight, working with the transference and countertransference. According to
this model, the family is perceived as a system comprised of sets of relationships that function in ways
unique to that family system.
Goals of Psychodynamic Family Therapy - Answers Therapists seek to understand the development of
the individual personality in the context of early parent-child relationships. They also "expand the
family's capacity to perform the holding functions for its members and their capacities to offer holding
to each other." Aid family in expressing true understanding and compassion.
Role of the counselor in Psychodynamic Family Therapy - Answers The therapist is to provide a nurturing
safe environment in which unconscious object relations that are interfering with the current
relationships may be understood and resolved.
Role of the symptom in Psychodynamic Family Therapy - Answers The symptom serves the purpose of
aiding the therapist in identification of the ego identity and the factors involved in its evolution. The
focus shifts from the symptom to the relationship to the objects.
Normal Family development in Psychodynamic Family Therapy - Answers The process of introjection and
identification determine: the personality, organization of mental processes, and the manner in which
individuals relate to each other. The key issues in development include: internalization and
externalization of relationships, attachment and separation, introjection and projection, transmuting
internalization.
Development of behavioral disorders in Psychodynamic Family Therapy - Answers develop when
children mistakenly attribute the qualities of one person to another person resulting in distorted
perceptions.
Object Relations Theory (Psychodynamic Family Therapy) - Answers the combination of the study of
individuals and their basic motives (psychoanalysis) and the study of social relationships (family
therapy). "One looks for the dynamic and personal historical reasons for problems in current
relationships"
