ATLS EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS (DETAILED ANSWERS)
ALREADY GRADED A+ 100% GUARANTEED
TO PASS CONCEPTS!!
True or false? Although the mechanism of injury may be similar to
those for the younger population, data shows increased mortality
with similar severity of injury in older adults. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>>>>>>>True
In the elderly population, what is decreased physiological
reserve? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>aging is characterized by
impaired adaptive and homeostatic mechanisms that caused an
increased susceptibility to the stress of injury. Insults tolerated by
the younger population can lead to devastating results in elderly
patients.
Pre-existing conditions that affect morbidity and mortality include:
- ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>cirrhosis, coagulopathy, COPD,
ischemic heart disease, DM
What is the most common mechanism of injury in the elderly? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>Fall. Nonfatal falls are common in
women and fractures are common in women who fall. Falls are
the most common cause of TBI.
In the elderly population, what are risk factors for falls? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>advanced age, physical impairment,
,history of previous fall, medication use, dementia, unsteady gait,
and visual, cognitive impairment
Most of elderly traffic fatalities occur in the daytime and on
weekends and typically involve other vehicles. Why? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>Older people drive on more familiar
roads and at lower speeds and tend to drive during the day. Older
people have slower reaction time, a larger blind spot, limited
cervical mobility, decreased hearing, and cognitive impairment.
True or False? Mortality associated with small to moderate sized
burns in older adults remains high - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>>>>>>>True
Spilled hot liquids on the leg, which in younger patients may re-
epithelialize due to an adequate number of hair follicles, will result
in a full thickness burn in older patients. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>>>>>>>this is true
Airway-patients may have dentures that may loosen or obstruct
the airway. If dentures are not obstructing the airway, leave them
in place for what? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>bag mask
ventilation, as it improves mask fitting.
When preforming rapid sequence intubation, the dose of benzos,
barbiturates, and other sedatives should be reduced to what
percentage to minimize the risk of cardiovascular depression? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>20-40%
Functional changes in cardiac system include declining function,
decreased sensitivity to catecholamines, atherosclerosis of
coronary vessels, increased afterload, fixed heart rate (beta
blockers) - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>this results in lack of
,classic response to hypovolemia, risk for cardiac ischemia,
elevated BP at baseline, and increased risk of dysrythmias.
Functional changes in pulmonary system include decreased
elastic recoil, reduced residual capacity, decreased gas exchange
and decreased cough reflex - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>thus
they are at increased risk for respiratory failure, increased risk for
pneumonia, and poor tolerance to rib fractures
Functional changes in renal system include loss of renal mass,
decreased GFR, and decreased sensitivity to ADH and
aldosterone - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>resulting in drug dosing
for renal insufficiency, decreased ability to concentrate urine,
increased risk for AKI and urine flow may be normal with
hypovolemia
Functional changes to MSK include loss of lean body mass,
osteoporosis, changes in joints and cartilage, c spine
degenerative changes and loss of skin elastin and subcutaneous
fat - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>resulting in increased risk for
fractures, decreased mobility, difficulty for oral intubation, risk of
skin injury, increased risk for hypothermia, challenges in
rehabiliation
Functional changes in Endocrine system include decreased
production and response to thyroxin and decreased
dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>>>>>>>resulting in occult hypothyroidism, relative
hypercortisone states and increased risk of infection
True or false: Arthritis can complicate the airway and cervical
spine. Patients can have multilevel degenerative changes
affecting disk spaces and posterior elements associated with
, severe central canal stenosis, cord compression, and
myelomalacia - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>true
In elderly population, due to their changes in pulmonary system,
placing a gauze between gums and cheek to achieve seal when
using bag valve mask ventilation is okay. In addition, because
aging causes a suppressed heart rate response to hypoxia...... -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>respiratory failure may present
insidiously in older adults.
Age related changes in the cardiovascular system place the
elderly trauma patient at significant risk for being inaccurately
categorized as hemodynamically stable. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>>>>>>>Elderly patients have a fixed heart rate and fixed
cardiac output, thus, their response to hypovolemia will involve
increasing their systemic vascular resistance. Furthermore, since
older patients have HTN, an acceptable BP may truly reflect a
hypotensive state. A systolic BP of 110 is to be utilized as the
threshold for identifying hypotension in patients 65 and older.
Do no equate blood pressure with shock in older patients -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>BP in older patients may look normal
due to the medications they are on. Use lactate and base deficit
to evaluate for evidence of shock
what 2 factors place elderly patients at risk for intracranial
hemorrhage? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>aging causes dura to
become more adherent to the skull increasing risk of injury and
older patients are on anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications.
Loss of subcutaneous fat, nutritional deficiencies, chronic medical
conditions place elderly patients as risk for hypothermia and
complications for immobility. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>Rapid
VERIFIED ANSWERS (DETAILED ANSWERS)
ALREADY GRADED A+ 100% GUARANTEED
TO PASS CONCEPTS!!
True or false? Although the mechanism of injury may be similar to
those for the younger population, data shows increased mortality
with similar severity of injury in older adults. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>>>>>>>True
In the elderly population, what is decreased physiological
reserve? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>aging is characterized by
impaired adaptive and homeostatic mechanisms that caused an
increased susceptibility to the stress of injury. Insults tolerated by
the younger population can lead to devastating results in elderly
patients.
Pre-existing conditions that affect morbidity and mortality include:
- ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>cirrhosis, coagulopathy, COPD,
ischemic heart disease, DM
What is the most common mechanism of injury in the elderly? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>Fall. Nonfatal falls are common in
women and fractures are common in women who fall. Falls are
the most common cause of TBI.
In the elderly population, what are risk factors for falls? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>advanced age, physical impairment,
,history of previous fall, medication use, dementia, unsteady gait,
and visual, cognitive impairment
Most of elderly traffic fatalities occur in the daytime and on
weekends and typically involve other vehicles. Why? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>Older people drive on more familiar
roads and at lower speeds and tend to drive during the day. Older
people have slower reaction time, a larger blind spot, limited
cervical mobility, decreased hearing, and cognitive impairment.
True or False? Mortality associated with small to moderate sized
burns in older adults remains high - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>>>>>>>True
Spilled hot liquids on the leg, which in younger patients may re-
epithelialize due to an adequate number of hair follicles, will result
in a full thickness burn in older patients. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>>>>>>>this is true
Airway-patients may have dentures that may loosen or obstruct
the airway. If dentures are not obstructing the airway, leave them
in place for what? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>bag mask
ventilation, as it improves mask fitting.
When preforming rapid sequence intubation, the dose of benzos,
barbiturates, and other sedatives should be reduced to what
percentage to minimize the risk of cardiovascular depression? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>20-40%
Functional changes in cardiac system include declining function,
decreased sensitivity to catecholamines, atherosclerosis of
coronary vessels, increased afterload, fixed heart rate (beta
blockers) - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>this results in lack of
,classic response to hypovolemia, risk for cardiac ischemia,
elevated BP at baseline, and increased risk of dysrythmias.
Functional changes in pulmonary system include decreased
elastic recoil, reduced residual capacity, decreased gas exchange
and decreased cough reflex - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>thus
they are at increased risk for respiratory failure, increased risk for
pneumonia, and poor tolerance to rib fractures
Functional changes in renal system include loss of renal mass,
decreased GFR, and decreased sensitivity to ADH and
aldosterone - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>resulting in drug dosing
for renal insufficiency, decreased ability to concentrate urine,
increased risk for AKI and urine flow may be normal with
hypovolemia
Functional changes to MSK include loss of lean body mass,
osteoporosis, changes in joints and cartilage, c spine
degenerative changes and loss of skin elastin and subcutaneous
fat - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>resulting in increased risk for
fractures, decreased mobility, difficulty for oral intubation, risk of
skin injury, increased risk for hypothermia, challenges in
rehabiliation
Functional changes in Endocrine system include decreased
production and response to thyroxin and decreased
dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>>>>>>>resulting in occult hypothyroidism, relative
hypercortisone states and increased risk of infection
True or false: Arthritis can complicate the airway and cervical
spine. Patients can have multilevel degenerative changes
affecting disk spaces and posterior elements associated with
, severe central canal stenosis, cord compression, and
myelomalacia - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>true
In elderly population, due to their changes in pulmonary system,
placing a gauze between gums and cheek to achieve seal when
using bag valve mask ventilation is okay. In addition, because
aging causes a suppressed heart rate response to hypoxia...... -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>respiratory failure may present
insidiously in older adults.
Age related changes in the cardiovascular system place the
elderly trauma patient at significant risk for being inaccurately
categorized as hemodynamically stable. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>>>>>>>Elderly patients have a fixed heart rate and fixed
cardiac output, thus, their response to hypovolemia will involve
increasing their systemic vascular resistance. Furthermore, since
older patients have HTN, an acceptable BP may truly reflect a
hypotensive state. A systolic BP of 110 is to be utilized as the
threshold for identifying hypotension in patients 65 and older.
Do no equate blood pressure with shock in older patients -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>BP in older patients may look normal
due to the medications they are on. Use lactate and base deficit
to evaluate for evidence of shock
what 2 factors place elderly patients at risk for intracranial
hemorrhage? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>aging causes dura to
become more adherent to the skull increasing risk of injury and
older patients are on anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications.
Loss of subcutaneous fat, nutritional deficiencies, chronic medical
conditions place elderly patients as risk for hypothermia and
complications for immobility. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>Rapid
