PCOL Exam 3 Questions And Accurate Answers
2024-2025
By inhibiting ADH
How does methanol and toxic alcohol poisoning occur?
AT
Activated charcoal to absorb the toxin
A patient inadvertently took a poison orally 30 minutes ago. What is the most
appropriate treatment to prevent poison absorption?
AT
Relatively high oxygen content contained in Zone 1
What is one of the reasons for regional susceptibility to toxicity across the liver?
It expresses many enzymes that could metabolize drugs to toxic compounds, Receives a
large volume of blood via portal circulation, Has the capability to take up and
concentrate xenobiotics, and has its resident immune cells capable of mounting an
inflammatory response
Why is the liver very susceptible to drug toxicity?
TRUE
True or False: Drug effects may be manifested several weeks or years after a single
exposure.
FALSE
True or False: Tissue response from a toxic exposure is always irreversible.
,TRUE
True or False: Some toxins can cause both local and systemic effects.
TRUE
True or False: Systemic effects do require absorption from the site of contact.
TRUE
True or False: It is possible to have immediate effects with each dose in a chronic
exposure scenario.
Toxicology
The study of adverse effects of chemicals in living organisms is defined as
_______________.
Poison
An agent that can cause a deleterious response in a biological system is define as a
__________________.
Toxin
A toxic substance produced by biological systems is defined as a _____________.
Toxicant
A toxic substance produced by or as a result of byproducts of anthropogenic activities
is defined as a ________________ (these are man-made, ex. = smoke stacks)
Toxin; Toxicant
A ____________ is a toxic substance produced by biological systems in animals, whereas
a ______________ refers to a toxic substance produced through man-made processes or
anthropogenic activities.
,Xenobiotic
A chemical present in an organism that is not naturally produced by or expected to be
found within that organism is known as a __________________.
Source, Exposure, ADMET, Dose, Target and MOA
What are the principles of toxicology?
Route, Duration, Single versus. Repeated, and Frequency
What are the sub-disciplines of the Exposure principle of toxicology?
Environmental, Occupational, Critter bites and stings, and Medications
What are the most common Sources of toxic substances that make up this principle of
toxicology?
True (MOA can vary across different tissues and tissues possess different sensitivities)
True or False: There are usually more than one target for poisons/drugs and they may
produce a variation in both toxicity and mechanism of action in each of those targets.
Oral, Inhalation, Topical and Parenteral; Parenteral -False-different tissues possess
different sensitivities
True or False: Target organ of a toxicant is always the site of highest concentration.
What are the major routes of exposure seen with toxic substances? Which of these is the
most "effective" (readily bioavailable)?
IV, Inh, IP, SQ, IM, ID, PO, Dermal
List all the possible routes of exposure from most effective to least effective
(bioavailable). This also correlates to most readily toxic to the least readily toxic if given
in similar doses.
Vehicle and formulation of drug/agent
Except for the route of administration, what is another factor that could affect the rate of
exposure in terms of the route of toxic agents?
, Duration
Which one of the following is not easily quantifiable in the sub-discipline of exposure
particularly for chronic and repeated exposures?
Acute, Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic
What are the durations in which a roxic substance exposure could lead to?
Exposure to a toxic substance in a single time frame of less than 24-hour duration
What is considered an acute duration of exposure to a toxicant?
Repeated exposures to a toxic substance less than a month
What is considered a subacute duration of exposure to a toxicant?
Repeated exposures to a toxic substance for 1-3 months
What is considered a subchronic duration of exposure to a toxicant?
Repeated exposures to a toxic substance longer than 3 months-up to years
What is thought of as a long-term exposure to a toxicant?
Somnolent; Cancer of the white blood cells
With the case of toxic benzene, how might single vs repeated exposures (i.e., acute vs
chronic effects) play a role in how duration of exposure impacts the chemical's toxicity?
Repeated; Acute
Subacute, Subchronic, and Chronic exposures are classified as _______________
exposures while Acute exposures are classified as _________________ exposures.
False--these chemicals can also exert a delayed action
True or False: Chemicals that are rapidly absorbed and that usually exert an immediate
action can never exert a delayed action.
2024-2025
By inhibiting ADH
How does methanol and toxic alcohol poisoning occur?
AT
Activated charcoal to absorb the toxin
A patient inadvertently took a poison orally 30 minutes ago. What is the most
appropriate treatment to prevent poison absorption?
AT
Relatively high oxygen content contained in Zone 1
What is one of the reasons for regional susceptibility to toxicity across the liver?
It expresses many enzymes that could metabolize drugs to toxic compounds, Receives a
large volume of blood via portal circulation, Has the capability to take up and
concentrate xenobiotics, and has its resident immune cells capable of mounting an
inflammatory response
Why is the liver very susceptible to drug toxicity?
TRUE
True or False: Drug effects may be manifested several weeks or years after a single
exposure.
FALSE
True or False: Tissue response from a toxic exposure is always irreversible.
,TRUE
True or False: Some toxins can cause both local and systemic effects.
TRUE
True or False: Systemic effects do require absorption from the site of contact.
TRUE
True or False: It is possible to have immediate effects with each dose in a chronic
exposure scenario.
Toxicology
The study of adverse effects of chemicals in living organisms is defined as
_______________.
Poison
An agent that can cause a deleterious response in a biological system is define as a
__________________.
Toxin
A toxic substance produced by biological systems is defined as a _____________.
Toxicant
A toxic substance produced by or as a result of byproducts of anthropogenic activities
is defined as a ________________ (these are man-made, ex. = smoke stacks)
Toxin; Toxicant
A ____________ is a toxic substance produced by biological systems in animals, whereas
a ______________ refers to a toxic substance produced through man-made processes or
anthropogenic activities.
,Xenobiotic
A chemical present in an organism that is not naturally produced by or expected to be
found within that organism is known as a __________________.
Source, Exposure, ADMET, Dose, Target and MOA
What are the principles of toxicology?
Route, Duration, Single versus. Repeated, and Frequency
What are the sub-disciplines of the Exposure principle of toxicology?
Environmental, Occupational, Critter bites and stings, and Medications
What are the most common Sources of toxic substances that make up this principle of
toxicology?
True (MOA can vary across different tissues and tissues possess different sensitivities)
True or False: There are usually more than one target for poisons/drugs and they may
produce a variation in both toxicity and mechanism of action in each of those targets.
Oral, Inhalation, Topical and Parenteral; Parenteral -False-different tissues possess
different sensitivities
True or False: Target organ of a toxicant is always the site of highest concentration.
What are the major routes of exposure seen with toxic substances? Which of these is the
most "effective" (readily bioavailable)?
IV, Inh, IP, SQ, IM, ID, PO, Dermal
List all the possible routes of exposure from most effective to least effective
(bioavailable). This also correlates to most readily toxic to the least readily toxic if given
in similar doses.
Vehicle and formulation of drug/agent
Except for the route of administration, what is another factor that could affect the rate of
exposure in terms of the route of toxic agents?
, Duration
Which one of the following is not easily quantifiable in the sub-discipline of exposure
particularly for chronic and repeated exposures?
Acute, Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic
What are the durations in which a roxic substance exposure could lead to?
Exposure to a toxic substance in a single time frame of less than 24-hour duration
What is considered an acute duration of exposure to a toxicant?
Repeated exposures to a toxic substance less than a month
What is considered a subacute duration of exposure to a toxicant?
Repeated exposures to a toxic substance for 1-3 months
What is considered a subchronic duration of exposure to a toxicant?
Repeated exposures to a toxic substance longer than 3 months-up to years
What is thought of as a long-term exposure to a toxicant?
Somnolent; Cancer of the white blood cells
With the case of toxic benzene, how might single vs repeated exposures (i.e., acute vs
chronic effects) play a role in how duration of exposure impacts the chemical's toxicity?
Repeated; Acute
Subacute, Subchronic, and Chronic exposures are classified as _______________
exposures while Acute exposures are classified as _________________ exposures.
False--these chemicals can also exert a delayed action
True or False: Chemicals that are rapidly absorbed and that usually exert an immediate
action can never exert a delayed action.
