Essentials of Glomerulonephritis Exam Questions and Answers Graded A+
What are the features of nephrotic syndrome? - Answers Albumin < 30g/L
Proteinuria > 3g/24hr
+/- odema
What are the different presentations of GN? - Answers Asymptomatic urinary abnormalities
CKD
Nephrotic syndrome
Nephritic syndrome
Rapidly progressive GN
What are the normal features of podocytes? - Answers Foot process wrap around capillaries
Adherence to GBM
Slit diaphragm regulates filtration
What are the secondary causes of nephrotic syndrome? - Answers Diabetes
Neoplasia
SLE
AMyloid
Drugs
Infections
What drugs can cause nephrotic syndrome - Answers Gold
Antimicrobials
NSAIDs
Penicillamine
Captopril
Tamoxifen
Lithium
, What infections can cause nephrotic syndrome - Answers HIV
Hep B and C
Mycoplasma
Syphilis
Malaria
Schistosomias
Filariasis
Toxoplasmosis
What are the primary causes of nephrotic syndromes? - Answers Focal segmental
Membranous
Minimal change
membranoproliferative
What investigations should be done for nephrotic syndromes? - Answers Immunology: ANA, dsDNA,
C3/4, myeloma screen
Microbiology: Hep B and C and HIV, MSU
Radiology: renal USS and dopplers, CXR
What are the complications of nephrotic syndrome? - Answers Thromboembolism
Infection
Hyperlipidaemia
Nutrition
AKI
What occurs in minimal change disease? - Answers Diffuse foot process effacement on EM
(normal on LM)
Injury not specific disease
What are the mechanisms of minimal change disease? - Answers 1. T cells with secretion of permeability
factors
What are the features of nephrotic syndrome? - Answers Albumin < 30g/L
Proteinuria > 3g/24hr
+/- odema
What are the different presentations of GN? - Answers Asymptomatic urinary abnormalities
CKD
Nephrotic syndrome
Nephritic syndrome
Rapidly progressive GN
What are the normal features of podocytes? - Answers Foot process wrap around capillaries
Adherence to GBM
Slit diaphragm regulates filtration
What are the secondary causes of nephrotic syndrome? - Answers Diabetes
Neoplasia
SLE
AMyloid
Drugs
Infections
What drugs can cause nephrotic syndrome - Answers Gold
Antimicrobials
NSAIDs
Penicillamine
Captopril
Tamoxifen
Lithium
, What infections can cause nephrotic syndrome - Answers HIV
Hep B and C
Mycoplasma
Syphilis
Malaria
Schistosomias
Filariasis
Toxoplasmosis
What are the primary causes of nephrotic syndromes? - Answers Focal segmental
Membranous
Minimal change
membranoproliferative
What investigations should be done for nephrotic syndromes? - Answers Immunology: ANA, dsDNA,
C3/4, myeloma screen
Microbiology: Hep B and C and HIV, MSU
Radiology: renal USS and dopplers, CXR
What are the complications of nephrotic syndrome? - Answers Thromboembolism
Infection
Hyperlipidaemia
Nutrition
AKI
What occurs in minimal change disease? - Answers Diffuse foot process effacement on EM
(normal on LM)
Injury not specific disease
What are the mechanisms of minimal change disease? - Answers 1. T cells with secretion of permeability
factors
