Class notes Horticulture Classification of Fruits

Subject: Fundamentals of Horticulture
Chapter: Classifications of Fruits
Department of Agricultural Science
Daffodil International University

Classification of Fruits
Fruits are classified according to four criteria -
● Based on Morphology : Simple, Aggregate, Multiple, Modified Berry
● Based on Climate Adaptability : Temperate, Tropical, Subtropical
● Based on Photoperiodic response : Short day, Long day, Day neutral
● Based on Rate of Respiration : Climacteric, Non-climacteric


Based on morphology,
There are four types of fruits -

Simple Fruits : One fruit that is developed from a single ovary of a simple
flower.
Example - Apple, Pear, Tomato, Banana, Peach

Aggregate Fruits : Fruits that are clustered together tightly and are
developed from several ovaries of a single flower.
Example - Raspberry, Blackberry, Strawberry, Custard Apple

Multiple Fruits : A fruit formed from the ovaries of flowers of a compact
inflorescence. The fruits unite at maturity.
Example - Jackfruit, Pineapple

, Modified Berry Fruits : Fruit that is developed from a single ovary of a
simple flower but has some modification.
There are two different kinds of modified berries -
a. Hesperidium (Lemon, Lime, Orange, Kumquats)
b. Pepo (Watermelon, Gourd, Squash)




Types of Simple Fruits
Simple Fruits are classified into two types-
1. Fleshy Fruit and 2. Dry Fruit

Fleshy Fruit: A fruit in which the wall becomes soft and fleshy when it
matures.
Fleshy fruits are of three types-
a. Drupe
b. Berry
c. Pome

a. Drupe : It is also known as Stone fruit or True fruit. A one-seeded simple
fruit that is developed from a superior ovary that carries three distinct
layers-
● Exocarp
● Mesocarp