FRESENIUS PCT NEW HIRE EXAM-
Questions Solved 100% Correct
\Verified Answers
Av graft advantages? - Answer Large surface area for cannulation
Technically easy to cannulate
Healing time is short
Variety shapes and configurations
Easy to implant, construct, and surgically repair
Av graft disadvantages? - Answer Increased rate of stenosis; increased clotting
Increased infection rates
Increased bleed time at the end of a treatment
Require replacement, especially if the cannulation
sites are not rotated
No collateral circulation develops
CVC advantages? - Answer Immediate use after verification of placement
Higher No need for patient to achieve hemostasis at the end of treatment
CVC Disadvantages? - Answer Higher potential for air embolism
Prone to infection and clotting
Last option and sometimes only option for patients
,Lower BFRs=increased treatment time to improve
adequacy
Long-term use can lead to major vessel stenosis
Reversing the lines will cause increased recirculation and decreased adequacy
Av fistula advantgates? - Answer Uses the patient's own vessels Length of time
to Requires one anastomosis Isometric exercises may aid in development Longer
life span Lower
Decreased rate of complications
Collateral circulation develops
Av fistuala disadvantages? - Answer Length of time to develop - generally 1-4 months
Lower blood flows are sometimes necessary when the fistula is immature; results
poor clearance
Collateral circulation develops
Isometric exercises may aid in development
BFR & Recommened Needle size? - Answer <300 mL/min 17 gauge
300 - 350 mL/min 16 gauge
>350 - 450 mL/min 15 gauge
>450 mL/min 14 gauge
Why should the needles sites be rotated? - Answer Needle sites should be rotated to
prevent weakening of the vessel walls and to prevent the formation of aneurysms and
scar tissue. Sites should also be rotated to allow time for the previously punctured
areas to heal
, List signs and symptoms of vascular access infection? - Answer chills,
fever,
drainage and pain,
redness, swelling and warmth at the site
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system in order of urine flow?
- Answer (2) Kidneys, (2) ureters, (1) bladder, (1) urethra.
Which of the functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by dialysis? - Answer Removal
of waste products, and Regulation of fluid balance
What is the function of renin? - Answer Renin is a hormone produced by the
kidneys with important effects on the regulation of blood pressure, and on sodium
and potassium balance
Erythropoietin - Answer stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells (RBSc).
Why must the kidney activate Vitamin D? - Answer The kidney converts Vitamin D to
Calcitriol, its activated form. This activated form of Vitamin D helps to maintain
good bone health by helping absorb calcium from foods eaten
What causes renal osteodystrophy (bone disease)? - Answer No longer produce calcitriol
- the active form of Vitamin D o Inadequate or lacking calcitriol causes demineralization of
the bone - bone begins to break down to release the calcium needed for body functioning
No longer excrete excess phosphorus (PO4) o Phosphorus is found in most foods and
beverages o Increased PO4 levels cause further calcium bone loss
Questions Solved 100% Correct
\Verified Answers
Av graft advantages? - Answer Large surface area for cannulation
Technically easy to cannulate
Healing time is short
Variety shapes and configurations
Easy to implant, construct, and surgically repair
Av graft disadvantages? - Answer Increased rate of stenosis; increased clotting
Increased infection rates
Increased bleed time at the end of a treatment
Require replacement, especially if the cannulation
sites are not rotated
No collateral circulation develops
CVC advantages? - Answer Immediate use after verification of placement
Higher No need for patient to achieve hemostasis at the end of treatment
CVC Disadvantages? - Answer Higher potential for air embolism
Prone to infection and clotting
Last option and sometimes only option for patients
,Lower BFRs=increased treatment time to improve
adequacy
Long-term use can lead to major vessel stenosis
Reversing the lines will cause increased recirculation and decreased adequacy
Av fistula advantgates? - Answer Uses the patient's own vessels Length of time
to Requires one anastomosis Isometric exercises may aid in development Longer
life span Lower
Decreased rate of complications
Collateral circulation develops
Av fistuala disadvantages? - Answer Length of time to develop - generally 1-4 months
Lower blood flows are sometimes necessary when the fistula is immature; results
poor clearance
Collateral circulation develops
Isometric exercises may aid in development
BFR & Recommened Needle size? - Answer <300 mL/min 17 gauge
300 - 350 mL/min 16 gauge
>350 - 450 mL/min 15 gauge
>450 mL/min 14 gauge
Why should the needles sites be rotated? - Answer Needle sites should be rotated to
prevent weakening of the vessel walls and to prevent the formation of aneurysms and
scar tissue. Sites should also be rotated to allow time for the previously punctured
areas to heal
, List signs and symptoms of vascular access infection? - Answer chills,
fever,
drainage and pain,
redness, swelling and warmth at the site
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system in order of urine flow?
- Answer (2) Kidneys, (2) ureters, (1) bladder, (1) urethra.
Which of the functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by dialysis? - Answer Removal
of waste products, and Regulation of fluid balance
What is the function of renin? - Answer Renin is a hormone produced by the
kidneys with important effects on the regulation of blood pressure, and on sodium
and potassium balance
Erythropoietin - Answer stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells (RBSc).
Why must the kidney activate Vitamin D? - Answer The kidney converts Vitamin D to
Calcitriol, its activated form. This activated form of Vitamin D helps to maintain
good bone health by helping absorb calcium from foods eaten
What causes renal osteodystrophy (bone disease)? - Answer No longer produce calcitriol
- the active form of Vitamin D o Inadequate or lacking calcitriol causes demineralization of
the bone - bone begins to break down to release the calcium needed for body functioning
No longer excrete excess phosphorus (PO4) o Phosphorus is found in most foods and
beverages o Increased PO4 levels cause further calcium bone loss
