Biology 2601 Midterm 1 (ALL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS)
Semester 1 2024. GRADED 100%
Rules for plants and animals - ANSWER 1. Obey physical and chemical laws
2. Constrained by evolutionary history
3. Must meet demands but be economical
1st Law of Thermodynamics - ANSWER Energy cannot be created nor destroyed
2nd Law of Thermodynamics - ANSWER Entropy always increases
Temperature - ANSWER Intensity of motion by the atoms in the object
Heat - ANSWER Amount of energy in the object
What determines the direction of heat transfer? - ANSWER Temperature
Endotherms - ANSWER Rely on external temperatures to determine body temperature (T
(b))
Ectotherms - ANSWER Different body temperatures in different parts of the body
Homeotherms - ANSWER Defend a constant body temperature
Poikilotherms - ANSWER Allow body temperature to vary
Heterotherms - ANSWER Generate internal heat
Regional endothermy/heterothermy - ANSWER Have more than one temperature set point
, Metabolic rate formula - ANSWER M = a10^(nTb)
-a and n are constants
-Tb is body temp.
The temperature coefficient (Q10) - ANSWER The ratio of the rate of a process at one
temperature over the rate of the same process at a temperature 10ºC higher or lower (Q10 = Rt/R(t-
10))
What does temperature determine? - ANSWER Temperature determines motion and the
rate at which molecules encounter one another
What does more interactions indicate? - ANSWER More interactions = more reactions
Freezing - ANSWER Prevents ice formation or damage from freezing
Mismatch - ANSWER Alter aerobic/cardiovascular capacity
Membrane fluidity - ANSWER More fluid for low temperature
Enzyme denaturation - ANSWER Changes the enzyme
Thermoregulation - ANSWER Maintaining constant body temperature regardless of the
environment
For one ectotherm, what should the sum of all heat inputs and outputs be? - ANSWER The
sum should be 0 - Radiation + Convection + Conductance + Latent Heat Exchange = 0
Semester 1 2024. GRADED 100%
Rules for plants and animals - ANSWER 1. Obey physical and chemical laws
2. Constrained by evolutionary history
3. Must meet demands but be economical
1st Law of Thermodynamics - ANSWER Energy cannot be created nor destroyed
2nd Law of Thermodynamics - ANSWER Entropy always increases
Temperature - ANSWER Intensity of motion by the atoms in the object
Heat - ANSWER Amount of energy in the object
What determines the direction of heat transfer? - ANSWER Temperature
Endotherms - ANSWER Rely on external temperatures to determine body temperature (T
(b))
Ectotherms - ANSWER Different body temperatures in different parts of the body
Homeotherms - ANSWER Defend a constant body temperature
Poikilotherms - ANSWER Allow body temperature to vary
Heterotherms - ANSWER Generate internal heat
Regional endothermy/heterothermy - ANSWER Have more than one temperature set point
, Metabolic rate formula - ANSWER M = a10^(nTb)
-a and n are constants
-Tb is body temp.
The temperature coefficient (Q10) - ANSWER The ratio of the rate of a process at one
temperature over the rate of the same process at a temperature 10ºC higher or lower (Q10 = Rt/R(t-
10))
What does temperature determine? - ANSWER Temperature determines motion and the
rate at which molecules encounter one another
What does more interactions indicate? - ANSWER More interactions = more reactions
Freezing - ANSWER Prevents ice formation or damage from freezing
Mismatch - ANSWER Alter aerobic/cardiovascular capacity
Membrane fluidity - ANSWER More fluid for low temperature
Enzyme denaturation - ANSWER Changes the enzyme
Thermoregulation - ANSWER Maintaining constant body temperature regardless of the
environment
For one ectotherm, what should the sum of all heat inputs and outputs be? - ANSWER The
sum should be 0 - Radiation + Convection + Conductance + Latent Heat Exchange = 0
