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Describezhowzyouzwouldzusezazbiochemicalztestztozshowzthatzazsolutionzcontainedzaznon-
reducingzsugar,zsuchzaszsucrose.z[3]z-zCORRECTzANSWER-
,firstzreducingzsugarsztest;zboilzwithzdilutezHClzacidzthenzNeutralisezwithzNaHCǑ,zaddzbenedictzandzheatzto
z95zdegreeszCzbrickzredzpptzformszifzreducingzsugarziszpresent
Describezazchemicalztestzyouzcouldzcarryzoutztozshowzthatzazpiecezofzcoconutzcontainszlipids.z[3]z-
zCORRECTzANSWER-
(Crushzin)zethanolz/zalcohol;zAddz(to)zwaterz(Orderzofzaddingziszcriticalzforzthiszpoint);zEmulsionz/zwhitezcol
our
Explainzwhatziszmeantzbyzazpolymer.z[1]z-zCORRECTzANSWER-
Molecule)zmadezupzofzmanyzidentical/similarzmolecules/monomers/zsubunits;
Namezthezreactionzwhichzoccurszwhenzstarchziszbrokenzdownzintozmaltose.z[1]z-zCORRECTzANSWER-
Hydrolysis
Whatziszthezformulazforzlactose?z[2]z-zCORRECTzANSWER-C12z;zH22Ō1
Describezhowzβ-glucosezmoleculezdifferszfromzazmoleculezofzα-glucose.z[1]z-zCORRECTzANSWER-
Hzatztopzrightzendz(insteadzofzOH)z/zOHzatzbottomz(carbonz1)
Showztwozwayszinzwhichzthezstructurezofzcelluloseziszdifferentzfromzthezstructurezofzstarch.z[2]z-
zCORRECTzANSWER-
Starchz1,4zandz1,6zbondsz/zbranchingzCellulosez1,4zbondsz/znoz1,6zbondsz/zstraight;zstarchzAllzglucosesz/m
onomerszsamezwayzupzcellulosezAlternatezglucoseszupsidezdown;zstarchzHelixz/zcoiled/compactzcellulosez
Straight;zStarchzmonomerzAlphazglucosezCellulosezmonomerzBetazglucose
Describezthezstructurezofzstarchzandzexplainzhowzitszstructureziszrelatedztozitszfunction.z[3]z-
zCORRECTzANSWER-
Formedzfromzαzglucose;zJoinedzbyzcondensation/zbyzthezremovalzofzazwaterzmolecule/zglycosidiczbonds;zB
etweenz(carbons)z1zandz4z(andz1zandz6);zCoiledzchain;zcompact;z(Allows)zstoragezofzlargezamountzinzazsma
,llzspace;zInsolublezsozhasznozeffectzonzosmosis/waterzpotential;zBranches;z(Allows)zrapidzbreakdown/relea
sezofzglucosez/zhydrolysis;
Thezstructurezofzazphospholipidzmoleculeziszdifferentzfromzthatzofzaztriglyceride.zDescribezhow.z[2]z-
zCORRECTzANSWER-
triglyceridezhaszthreezfattyzacidszandzphospholipidzhasztwo;znozphosphatezgroupzpresentzinztriglyceridezb
utzpresentzinzphospholipid.
Whatziszanzunsaturatedzfattyzacid?z[1]z-zCORRECTzANSWER-
Somez/ztwozcarbonszwithzonlyzonezhydrogenz/z(doublezbonds)zbetweenzcarbonzatomsz/znotzsaturatedzwit
hzhydrogen;
Describezthezstructurezofzcellulosezandzexplainzhowzitszstructureziszrelatedztozitszfunction.z[3]z-
zCORRECTzANSWER-Alternatezβ-
glucosezrotatedz180o,zlongzstraightzchains,zManyzhydrogenzbondszjoinz(polysaccharide)zchains/moleculesz
tozeachzotherz/zmakeszmicrofibrilsz/zgivesztensilezstrength;
Whichzelementszarezfoundzinzproteins?z[1]z-zCORRECTzANSWER-
Carbon,zhydrogen,zoxygen,znitrogenz(sometimeszsulphur)
Describezhowzyouzwouldzusezazbiochemicalztestztozshowzthatzazsolutionzcontainedzprotein.z[2]z-
zCORRECTzANSWER-Biuretz/zalkaliz+zcopperzsulphate;zLilac/purple/mauve/violet;
Whichzbondszarezfoundzinza)Primaryzstructurez[1]b)Secondaryzstructurez[1]zc)Tertiaryzstructurez[2]z-
zCORRECTzANSWER-
a)Peptidezb)zHydrogenz(andzpeptide)zc)Ionic,zdisulphidezbridges,zhydrophobiczinteractionsz(hydrogenzandz
peptide)
Explainzhowzazchangezinzthezprimaryzstructurezofzazglobularzproteinzmayzresultzinzazdifferentzthree-
dimensionalzstructure.z[3]z-zCORRECTzANSWER-
Sequencezofzaminozacidszchanges;ztertiaryzstructurezchanges/foldszinzazdifferentzway;zbondszformzinzdiffer
entzplacesz(notzpeptide);
Describezhowztwo-wayzchromatographyziszcarriedzout.z[2]z-zCORRECTzANSWER-
Runzchromatogramzthenzturnzthroughz90/rightzangle;zWithzazdifferentzsolvent;
, Explainzthezadvantagezofzusingztwo-wayzchromatographyztozseparatezshortzpolypeptides.z[2]z-
zCORRECTzANSWER-Spreadszspots/polypeptideszoutzmore/zmakezsurezspotzonlyzcontainszonezsubstance;
Explainzhowzinhibitorszaffectzthezratezofzenzyme-controlledzreactions.z[6]z-zCORRECTzANSWER-
Statementzaboutztwoztypes,zcompetitivezandznon-
competitive;zCompetitive:zSimilarzshapeztozsubstrate;Inhibitorzcanzenter/bindzwithzactivezsitez(ofzenzyme)
;Non-
competitive:zAffect/bindztozenzymezotherzthanzatzactivezsite;zDistortszshapezofzactivezsite;zInhibitors:zPrev
entzentryzof/bindingzofzsubstrateztozactivezsite;zThereforezfewer/nozenzyme-substratezcomplexeszformed;
Describezandzexplainzhowzanzincreasezinztemperaturezaffectszthezratezofzanzenzymezcontrolledzreaction.z[
5]z-zCORRECTzANSWER-
Ratezofzreactionzincreases;zIncreasingztemperaturezincreaseszratezofzmovementzofzmolecules/zkineticzene
rgy;zCollidezmorezoften/substratezenterszactivezsitezmorezoften/morezenzyme-
substratezcomplexeszformed;zUpztozoptimum;zRatezofzreactionzdecreases;zHighztemperatureszcausezdenat
uration/losszofztertiaryzstructure/3Dzstructure;zByzbreakingzspecifiedzbondsz(notzpeptidezbond);zActivezsit
ezaltered/substratezcannotzbind/fit/
Anzenzymezcatalyseszonlyzonezreaction.zExplainzwhyz[2]z-zCORRECTzANSWER-
(Enzymezhas)zactivezsite;zOnlyzsubstratezfitsz(thezactivezsite);
Describezthezinducedzfitzmodelzofzenzymezaction.z[2]z-zCORRECTzANSWER-
Activezsitez/zenzymeznotzcomplementary;zActivezsitezchangesz(shape)z/ziszflexible;z(Changezinzenzymezallo
ws)zsubstrateztozfitz/zE-Szcomplexztozform;
Describezonezwayzthatzthezlockzandzkeyzmodelziszdifferentzfromzthezinducedzfitzmodel.z[1]z-
zCORRECTzANSWER-
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)zfitszthezsubstratez/ziszcomplementaryz(beforezbinding);
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(changezinzpH)zleadsztozbreakingzofzbondszholdingztertiaryzstructure/zchangeszchargezonzaminozacids;zenz
yme/protein/activezsitezloseszshape/denatured;zsubstratezwillznotzbindzwith/fitzactivezsite;zfewer/nozESzc
omplexeszformed;
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IT ALSO INCLUDED
Describezhowzyouzwouldzusezazbiochemicalztestztozshowzthatzazsolutionzcontainedzaznon-
reducingzsugar,zsuchzaszsucrose.z[3]z-zCORRECTzANSWER-
,firstzreducingzsugarsztest;zboilzwithzdilutezHClzacidzthenzNeutralisezwithzNaHCǑ,zaddzbenedictzandzheatzto
z95zdegreeszCzbrickzredzpptzformszifzreducingzsugarziszpresent
Describezazchemicalztestzyouzcouldzcarryzoutztozshowzthatzazpiecezofzcoconutzcontainszlipids.z[3]z-
zCORRECTzANSWER-
(Crushzin)zethanolz/zalcohol;zAddz(to)zwaterz(Orderzofzaddingziszcriticalzforzthiszpoint);zEmulsionz/zwhitezcol
our
Explainzwhatziszmeantzbyzazpolymer.z[1]z-zCORRECTzANSWER-
Molecule)zmadezupzofzmanyzidentical/similarzmolecules/monomers/zsubunits;
Namezthezreactionzwhichzoccurszwhenzstarchziszbrokenzdownzintozmaltose.z[1]z-zCORRECTzANSWER-
Hydrolysis
Whatziszthezformulazforzlactose?z[2]z-zCORRECTzANSWER-C12z;zH22Ō1
Describezhowzβ-glucosezmoleculezdifferszfromzazmoleculezofzα-glucose.z[1]z-zCORRECTzANSWER-
Hzatztopzrightzendz(insteadzofzOH)z/zOHzatzbottomz(carbonz1)
Showztwozwayszinzwhichzthezstructurezofzcelluloseziszdifferentzfromzthezstructurezofzstarch.z[2]z-
zCORRECTzANSWER-
Starchz1,4zandz1,6zbondsz/zbranchingzCellulosez1,4zbondsz/znoz1,6zbondsz/zstraight;zstarchzAllzglucosesz/m
onomerszsamezwayzupzcellulosezAlternatezglucoseszupsidezdown;zstarchzHelixz/zcoiled/compactzcellulosez
Straight;zStarchzmonomerzAlphazglucosezCellulosezmonomerzBetazglucose
Describezthezstructurezofzstarchzandzexplainzhowzitszstructureziszrelatedztozitszfunction.z[3]z-
zCORRECTzANSWER-
Formedzfromzαzglucose;zJoinedzbyzcondensation/zbyzthezremovalzofzazwaterzmolecule/zglycosidiczbonds;zB
etweenz(carbons)z1zandz4z(andz1zandz6);zCoiledzchain;zcompact;z(Allows)zstoragezofzlargezamountzinzazsma
,llzspace;zInsolublezsozhasznozeffectzonzosmosis/waterzpotential;zBranches;z(Allows)zrapidzbreakdown/relea
sezofzglucosez/zhydrolysis;
Thezstructurezofzazphospholipidzmoleculeziszdifferentzfromzthatzofzaztriglyceride.zDescribezhow.z[2]z-
zCORRECTzANSWER-
triglyceridezhaszthreezfattyzacidszandzphospholipidzhasztwo;znozphosphatezgroupzpresentzinztriglyceridezb
utzpresentzinzphospholipid.
Whatziszanzunsaturatedzfattyzacid?z[1]z-zCORRECTzANSWER-
Somez/ztwozcarbonszwithzonlyzonezhydrogenz/z(doublezbonds)zbetweenzcarbonzatomsz/znotzsaturatedzwit
hzhydrogen;
Describezthezstructurezofzcellulosezandzexplainzhowzitszstructureziszrelatedztozitszfunction.z[3]z-
zCORRECTzANSWER-Alternatezβ-
glucosezrotatedz180o,zlongzstraightzchains,zManyzhydrogenzbondszjoinz(polysaccharide)zchains/moleculesz
tozeachzotherz/zmakeszmicrofibrilsz/zgivesztensilezstrength;
Whichzelementszarezfoundzinzproteins?z[1]z-zCORRECTzANSWER-
Carbon,zhydrogen,zoxygen,znitrogenz(sometimeszsulphur)
Describezhowzyouzwouldzusezazbiochemicalztestztozshowzthatzazsolutionzcontainedzprotein.z[2]z-
zCORRECTzANSWER-Biuretz/zalkaliz+zcopperzsulphate;zLilac/purple/mauve/violet;
Whichzbondszarezfoundzinza)Primaryzstructurez[1]b)Secondaryzstructurez[1]zc)Tertiaryzstructurez[2]z-
zCORRECTzANSWER-
a)Peptidezb)zHydrogenz(andzpeptide)zc)Ionic,zdisulphidezbridges,zhydrophobiczinteractionsz(hydrogenzandz
peptide)
Explainzhowzazchangezinzthezprimaryzstructurezofzazglobularzproteinzmayzresultzinzazdifferentzthree-
dimensionalzstructure.z[3]z-zCORRECTzANSWER-
Sequencezofzaminozacidszchanges;ztertiaryzstructurezchanges/foldszinzazdifferentzway;zbondszformzinzdiffer
entzplacesz(notzpeptide);
Describezhowztwo-wayzchromatographyziszcarriedzout.z[2]z-zCORRECTzANSWER-
Runzchromatogramzthenzturnzthroughz90/rightzangle;zWithzazdifferentzsolvent;
, Explainzthezadvantagezofzusingztwo-wayzchromatographyztozseparatezshortzpolypeptides.z[2]z-
zCORRECTzANSWER-Spreadszspots/polypeptideszoutzmore/zmakezsurezspotzonlyzcontainszonezsubstance;
Explainzhowzinhibitorszaffectzthezratezofzenzyme-controlledzreactions.z[6]z-zCORRECTzANSWER-
Statementzaboutztwoztypes,zcompetitivezandznon-
competitive;zCompetitive:zSimilarzshapeztozsubstrate;Inhibitorzcanzenter/bindzwithzactivezsitez(ofzenzyme)
;Non-
competitive:zAffect/bindztozenzymezotherzthanzatzactivezsite;zDistortszshapezofzactivezsite;zInhibitors:zPrev
entzentryzof/bindingzofzsubstrateztozactivezsite;zThereforezfewer/nozenzyme-substratezcomplexeszformed;
Describezandzexplainzhowzanzincreasezinztemperaturezaffectszthezratezofzanzenzymezcontrolledzreaction.z[
5]z-zCORRECTzANSWER-
Ratezofzreactionzincreases;zIncreasingztemperaturezincreaseszratezofzmovementzofzmolecules/zkineticzene
rgy;zCollidezmorezoften/substratezenterszactivezsitezmorezoften/morezenzyme-
substratezcomplexeszformed;zUpztozoptimum;zRatezofzreactionzdecreases;zHighztemperatureszcausezdenat
uration/losszofztertiaryzstructure/3Dzstructure;zByzbreakingzspecifiedzbondsz(notzpeptidezbond);zActivezsit
ezaltered/substratezcannotzbind/fit/
Anzenzymezcatalyseszonlyzonezreaction.zExplainzwhyz[2]z-zCORRECTzANSWER-
(Enzymezhas)zactivezsite;zOnlyzsubstratezfitsz(thezactivezsite);
Describezthezinducedzfitzmodelzofzenzymezaction.z[2]z-zCORRECTzANSWER-
Activezsitez/zenzymeznotzcomplementary;zActivezsitezchangesz(shape)z/ziszflexible;z(Changezinzenzymezallo
ws)zsubstrateztozfitz/zE-Szcomplexztozform;
Describezonezwayzthatzthezlockzandzkeyzmodelziszdifferentzfromzthezinducedzfitzmodel.z[1]z-
zCORRECTzANSWER-
Activezsitezdoesznotzchangez(shape)z/ziszfixedz(shape)z/ziszrigidz/zdoesznotzwrapzaroundzsubstratez/z(already
)zfitszthezsubstratez/ziszcomplementaryz(beforezbinding);
ExplainzwhyzthezratezofzreactionzofzanzenzymeziszlowzawayzfromzitszoptimumzpH.z[3]z-zCORRECTzANSWER-
(changezinzpH)zleadsztozbreakingzofzbondszholdingztertiaryzstructure/zchangeszchargezonzaminozacids;zenz
yme/protein/activezsitezloseszshape/denatured;zsubstratezwillznotzbindzwith/fitzactivezsite;zfewer/nozESzc
omplexeszformed;
