History and Ethical Principles – SBE Questions and Answers Already Passed

History and Ethical Principles – SBE Questions and Answers Already Passed What historical event highlighted the need for ethical guidelines in research? The Tuskegee Syphilis Study highlighted the need for ethical guidelines as it demonstrated the severe consequences of unethical research practices and the exploitation of vulnerable populations. How did the Nuremberg Code influence modern research ethics? The Nuremberg Code established fundamental ethical principles for human experimentation, emphasizing voluntary consent and the necessity of minimizing harm, which continue to guide research ethics today. What is the primary ethical principle outlined in the Belmont Report? The Belmont Report outlines three primary ethical principles: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice, which serve as the foundation for ethical research involving human subjects. How do the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence differ? 2 Beneficence focuses on maximizing benefits and promoting well-being, while non- maleficence emphasizes the obligation to avoid causing harm to participants. What role does informed consent play in ethical research? Informed consent plays a crucial role in ethical research by ensuring that participants are fully aware of the study's purpose, risks, and their rights before agreeing to participate. How does the principle of justice apply to research involving diverse populations? The principle of justice applies by ensuring that the benefits and burdens of research are distributed fairly among all groups, preventing exploitation of marginalized or vulnerable populations. What ethical guidelines were established following the Belmont Report? Following the Belmont Report, Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) were established to review research proposals and ensure ethical standards are met before studies involving human subjects can proceed. How did the Declaration of Helsinki expand upon earlier ethical guidelines? 3 The Declaration of Helsinki expanded upon earlier ethical guidelines by addressing the ethical responsibilities of researchers and emphasizing the importance of scientific validity and social value in research.