KU PSYC 360 Exam 1 Study Guide
Review Test.
dispositions - CORRECT ANSWER the natural tendencies of each individual to take on a certain position
in any field
fundamental attribution error - CORRECT ANSWER Ps don't adjust enough for the author's lack of choice.
They continue to make Correspondent Inference (CI). Correspondence Bias/Fundamental Attribution
Error. Tendency for people to overestimate internal AND underestimate external causes of behavior.
contrual - CORRECT ANSWER refers to the way in which (or the process of) people perceive,
comprehend, and interpret the world around them. We all need to interpret the world around us so that
we can make sense of the world and determine our own actions and judgements.
schemas - CORRECT ANSWER mental structures used to organize knowledge about the world: object,
self, person/group, and event
social psychology definition - CORRECT ANSWER the scientific study of the feelings, thoughts, and
behaviors of individuals in social situations.
automatic vs. controlled processing - CORRECT ANSWER Controlled - a process that is under the flexible,
intentional control, that he or she is consciously aware of, and that are effortful and constrained by the
amount of attentional resources available at the moment.
automatic - does not require us to pay attention, nor do we have to deliberately put in effort to control
automatic processes
independent cultures - CORRECT ANSWER cultures in which people tend to think of themselves as
distinct social entities, tied to each other by voluntary bonds of affection and organizational
memberships but essentially separate from other people and having attributes that exist in the absence
of any connection to others
interdependent cultures - CORRECT ANSWER cultures in which people tend to define themselves as part
of a collective, inextricably tied to others in their group and placing less importance on individual
freedom or personal control over their lives
, The Milgram Study - CORRECT ANSWER a series of social psychology experiments conducted by Yale
University psychologist Stanley Milgram, which measured the willingness of study participants to obey
an authority figure who instructed them to perform acts that conflicted with their personal conscience.
Samaritan Study (Darley & Batson, 1973) - CORRECT ANSWER A person in a hurry is less likely to help
people, even if he is going to speak on the parable of the good samaritan. Thinking about norms does
not imply that one will act on them. COnflict rather than callousness can explain the failure to stop.
hindsight bias - CORRECT ANSWER a psychological phenomenon that allows people to convince
themselves after an event that they had accurately predicted it before it happened. This can lead people
to conclude that they can accurately predict other events. "I knew it all along phenomenon"
hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
theory - CORRECT ANSWER A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of data
observational research - CORRECT ANSWER gathering primary data by observing relevant people,
actions, and situations. The goal is to describe a variable or set of variables
survey - CORRECT ANSWER a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a
particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group. usually rely on
self-report inventories in which people fill out questionnaires about their own behaviors or opinions.
The advantage is that it allows researchers to gather a large amount of data relatively quickly, easily, and
cheaply.
convenience sampling - CORRECT ANSWER choosing individuals who are easiest to reach
random sampling - CORRECT ANSWER a sample that fairly represents a population because each
member has an equal chance of inclusion
correlational research - CORRECT ANSWER Both variables are measured. Test whether variables relate
or correlate with one another. Large number of people answer standard questions about their attitudes
&/or behavior.
Review Test.
dispositions - CORRECT ANSWER the natural tendencies of each individual to take on a certain position
in any field
fundamental attribution error - CORRECT ANSWER Ps don't adjust enough for the author's lack of choice.
They continue to make Correspondent Inference (CI). Correspondence Bias/Fundamental Attribution
Error. Tendency for people to overestimate internal AND underestimate external causes of behavior.
contrual - CORRECT ANSWER refers to the way in which (or the process of) people perceive,
comprehend, and interpret the world around them. We all need to interpret the world around us so that
we can make sense of the world and determine our own actions and judgements.
schemas - CORRECT ANSWER mental structures used to organize knowledge about the world: object,
self, person/group, and event
social psychology definition - CORRECT ANSWER the scientific study of the feelings, thoughts, and
behaviors of individuals in social situations.
automatic vs. controlled processing - CORRECT ANSWER Controlled - a process that is under the flexible,
intentional control, that he or she is consciously aware of, and that are effortful and constrained by the
amount of attentional resources available at the moment.
automatic - does not require us to pay attention, nor do we have to deliberately put in effort to control
automatic processes
independent cultures - CORRECT ANSWER cultures in which people tend to think of themselves as
distinct social entities, tied to each other by voluntary bonds of affection and organizational
memberships but essentially separate from other people and having attributes that exist in the absence
of any connection to others
interdependent cultures - CORRECT ANSWER cultures in which people tend to define themselves as part
of a collective, inextricably tied to others in their group and placing less importance on individual
freedom or personal control over their lives
, The Milgram Study - CORRECT ANSWER a series of social psychology experiments conducted by Yale
University psychologist Stanley Milgram, which measured the willingness of study participants to obey
an authority figure who instructed them to perform acts that conflicted with their personal conscience.
Samaritan Study (Darley & Batson, 1973) - CORRECT ANSWER A person in a hurry is less likely to help
people, even if he is going to speak on the parable of the good samaritan. Thinking about norms does
not imply that one will act on them. COnflict rather than callousness can explain the failure to stop.
hindsight bias - CORRECT ANSWER a psychological phenomenon that allows people to convince
themselves after an event that they had accurately predicted it before it happened. This can lead people
to conclude that they can accurately predict other events. "I knew it all along phenomenon"
hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
theory - CORRECT ANSWER A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of data
observational research - CORRECT ANSWER gathering primary data by observing relevant people,
actions, and situations. The goal is to describe a variable or set of variables
survey - CORRECT ANSWER a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a
particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group. usually rely on
self-report inventories in which people fill out questionnaires about their own behaviors or opinions.
The advantage is that it allows researchers to gather a large amount of data relatively quickly, easily, and
cheaply.
convenience sampling - CORRECT ANSWER choosing individuals who are easiest to reach
random sampling - CORRECT ANSWER a sample that fairly represents a population because each
member has an equal chance of inclusion
correlational research - CORRECT ANSWER Both variables are measured. Test whether variables relate
or correlate with one another. Large number of people answer standard questions about their attitudes
&/or behavior.
