NR 224 EXAM 1 LATEST 2 VERSIONS (VERSION A & B) ACTUAL
EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+||CHAMBERLAINE
COLLEGE
Infection - ANSWER: The invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or
microorganisms, resulting in disease
Colonization - ANSWER: Occurs when a microorganism invades the host but does
not cause infection. You may get colonized and not realize you are carrying an
infection
Asymptomatic - ANSWER: Clinical signs and symptoms are not present in an
infection
Types of Infecting Agents - ANSWER: Bacteria, Fungus, Protozoa, or Virus
Communicable Disease - ANSWER: The infectious disease transmitted from one
person to another, easily spread
Most Important Way to Prevent Infection - ANSWER: Hand Hygiene
Chain of Infection - ANSWER: Portal of entry, host, infectious agent, reservoir,
portal of exit, mode of transmission, and then back to portal of entry, and it
continues in a cycle.
Reservoir - ANSWER: A place where microorganisms survive, multiply, and await
transfer to a susceptible host
Transmission Through Direct Contact - ANSWER: Person to person
Person to source
Transmission Through Indirect Contact - ANSWER: Person to inanimate object
Transmission Through Droplet - ANSWER: Coughing, sneezing, talking (large particle
only 3ft)
Transmission Through Airborne - ANSWER: Droplet nuclei or residue suspended in
air or carried on dust particles
Transmission Through Vehicles - ANSWER: Food, water, drugs and solutions, blood,
fomites (organic something)
Transmission Through Vector - ANSWER: External transfer
,Internal transmission (parasitic)
Mosquito, louse, flea, tick
Immunocompromised - ANSWER: Having an impaired immune system
Virulence - ANSWER: The ability to produce disease, how strong the disease is, the
intensity of the disease
Aerobic Bacteria - ANSWER: Requires oxygen for survival and for multiplication
sufficient to cause disease
Anaerobic Bacteria - ANSWER: Thrive where little or no oxygen is available
Bacteriostasis - ANSWER: Prevention of growth and reproduction of bacteria
Bactericidal - ANSWER: Destructive to bacteria
Four Stages of Infection - ANSWER: 1. Incubation Period
2. Prodromal Stage
3. Illness Stage
4. Convalescence
Incubation Period - ANSWER: The first stage of the infectious process. It is the time
interval between entrance of the pathogen and appearance of the first symptoms.
Prodromal Stage - ANSWER: The second stage of the infectious process. It is the
interval between onset of nonspecific symptoms to more specific symptoms. You
don't feel well, but you aren't sure why
Illness Stage - ANSWER: The third stage of the infectious process. The interval when
a patient manifests signs and symptoms specific to the type of infection. You have
the illness and can confirm what it is
Convalescence - ANSWER: The interval when acute symptoms of infection
disappear, you start feeling better.
Localized Infection - ANSWER: Patient experiences symptoms in one specific area,
the infection is in one spot. There is no fever (fever means it's systemic)
Systemic Infection - ANSWER: An infection that affects the entire body, it can be
fatal if not detected or untreated.
Normal Flora - ANSWER: Microorganisms that reside normally in our body. They
help resist infection by releasing antibacterial substances and inhibiting
multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms
, Body Defense Mechanisms Against Infection - ANSWER: Normal flora, intact skin,
mucus membranes, cilli in respiratory system, fever, inflammation, vascular and
cellular response, and tissue repair
Inflammation - ANSWER: Vascular and cellular response leads to blood gathering in
the area, exudates appear (serous=clear, sanguineous=red, purulent=white/yellow),
tissue repair
Healthcare-Associated Infection (HAI) - ANSWER: Also called nosocomial infection,
results from delivery of health services in a health care facility. Can occur as the
result of invasive procedures, antibiotic administration, the presence of multidrug-
resistant organisms, and breaks in infection prevention and control activities
Patients at Risk for HAI - ANSWER: If the patient has multiple illnesses, older adults,
poorly nourished, lowered resistance to infection critical/chronic illness, invasive
treatment devices, many procedures, and young children
Major Sites for HAI Infections - ANSWER: Surgical or traumatic wounds, urinary and
respiratory tracts, bloodstream, any skin openings, and breaks in mucus membranes
Iatrogenic HAI - ANSWER: HAI from a diagnostic/therapeutic procedure
Ex) a dialysis patient repeatedly coming to the hospital, a patient with a catheter
inserted poorly or cleaned poorly
Exogenous - ANSWER: From microorganisms found outside the individual
Endogenous - ANSWER: Occurs when part of the client's flora becomes altered and
an overgrowth results
Ex) c.diff
Standard Precautions - ANSWER: Prevent and control infection and its spread.
Medical Asepsis - ANSWER: Controlling pathogen, hand hygiene, common on home,
ECF, assisted living
Sterile Asepsis - ANSWER: Killing or eliminating the pathogen, scrub (surgical), PPE
sterile handling, common in hospitals
Principles of Surgical Asepsis - ANSWER: 1. A sterile object only remains sterile if
touched by another sterile object
2. Only sterile objects may be placed in a sterile field
3. A sterile object or field out of range of vision or an object held below a persons
waist is contaminated
4. A sterile object or field becomes contaminated by prolonged exposure to air
5. When a sterile surface comes in contact with a wet, contaminated surface, the
sterile object or field becomes contaminated by capillary action
6. Fluid flows the in the direction of gravity
EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+||CHAMBERLAINE
COLLEGE
Infection - ANSWER: The invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or
microorganisms, resulting in disease
Colonization - ANSWER: Occurs when a microorganism invades the host but does
not cause infection. You may get colonized and not realize you are carrying an
infection
Asymptomatic - ANSWER: Clinical signs and symptoms are not present in an
infection
Types of Infecting Agents - ANSWER: Bacteria, Fungus, Protozoa, or Virus
Communicable Disease - ANSWER: The infectious disease transmitted from one
person to another, easily spread
Most Important Way to Prevent Infection - ANSWER: Hand Hygiene
Chain of Infection - ANSWER: Portal of entry, host, infectious agent, reservoir,
portal of exit, mode of transmission, and then back to portal of entry, and it
continues in a cycle.
Reservoir - ANSWER: A place where microorganisms survive, multiply, and await
transfer to a susceptible host
Transmission Through Direct Contact - ANSWER: Person to person
Person to source
Transmission Through Indirect Contact - ANSWER: Person to inanimate object
Transmission Through Droplet - ANSWER: Coughing, sneezing, talking (large particle
only 3ft)
Transmission Through Airborne - ANSWER: Droplet nuclei or residue suspended in
air or carried on dust particles
Transmission Through Vehicles - ANSWER: Food, water, drugs and solutions, blood,
fomites (organic something)
Transmission Through Vector - ANSWER: External transfer
,Internal transmission (parasitic)
Mosquito, louse, flea, tick
Immunocompromised - ANSWER: Having an impaired immune system
Virulence - ANSWER: The ability to produce disease, how strong the disease is, the
intensity of the disease
Aerobic Bacteria - ANSWER: Requires oxygen for survival and for multiplication
sufficient to cause disease
Anaerobic Bacteria - ANSWER: Thrive where little or no oxygen is available
Bacteriostasis - ANSWER: Prevention of growth and reproduction of bacteria
Bactericidal - ANSWER: Destructive to bacteria
Four Stages of Infection - ANSWER: 1. Incubation Period
2. Prodromal Stage
3. Illness Stage
4. Convalescence
Incubation Period - ANSWER: The first stage of the infectious process. It is the time
interval between entrance of the pathogen and appearance of the first symptoms.
Prodromal Stage - ANSWER: The second stage of the infectious process. It is the
interval between onset of nonspecific symptoms to more specific symptoms. You
don't feel well, but you aren't sure why
Illness Stage - ANSWER: The third stage of the infectious process. The interval when
a patient manifests signs and symptoms specific to the type of infection. You have
the illness and can confirm what it is
Convalescence - ANSWER: The interval when acute symptoms of infection
disappear, you start feeling better.
Localized Infection - ANSWER: Patient experiences symptoms in one specific area,
the infection is in one spot. There is no fever (fever means it's systemic)
Systemic Infection - ANSWER: An infection that affects the entire body, it can be
fatal if not detected or untreated.
Normal Flora - ANSWER: Microorganisms that reside normally in our body. They
help resist infection by releasing antibacterial substances and inhibiting
multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms
, Body Defense Mechanisms Against Infection - ANSWER: Normal flora, intact skin,
mucus membranes, cilli in respiratory system, fever, inflammation, vascular and
cellular response, and tissue repair
Inflammation - ANSWER: Vascular and cellular response leads to blood gathering in
the area, exudates appear (serous=clear, sanguineous=red, purulent=white/yellow),
tissue repair
Healthcare-Associated Infection (HAI) - ANSWER: Also called nosocomial infection,
results from delivery of health services in a health care facility. Can occur as the
result of invasive procedures, antibiotic administration, the presence of multidrug-
resistant organisms, and breaks in infection prevention and control activities
Patients at Risk for HAI - ANSWER: If the patient has multiple illnesses, older adults,
poorly nourished, lowered resistance to infection critical/chronic illness, invasive
treatment devices, many procedures, and young children
Major Sites for HAI Infections - ANSWER: Surgical or traumatic wounds, urinary and
respiratory tracts, bloodstream, any skin openings, and breaks in mucus membranes
Iatrogenic HAI - ANSWER: HAI from a diagnostic/therapeutic procedure
Ex) a dialysis patient repeatedly coming to the hospital, a patient with a catheter
inserted poorly or cleaned poorly
Exogenous - ANSWER: From microorganisms found outside the individual
Endogenous - ANSWER: Occurs when part of the client's flora becomes altered and
an overgrowth results
Ex) c.diff
Standard Precautions - ANSWER: Prevent and control infection and its spread.
Medical Asepsis - ANSWER: Controlling pathogen, hand hygiene, common on home,
ECF, assisted living
Sterile Asepsis - ANSWER: Killing or eliminating the pathogen, scrub (surgical), PPE
sterile handling, common in hospitals
Principles of Surgical Asepsis - ANSWER: 1. A sterile object only remains sterile if
touched by another sterile object
2. Only sterile objects may be placed in a sterile field
3. A sterile object or field out of range of vision or an object held below a persons
waist is contaminated
4. A sterile object or field becomes contaminated by prolonged exposure to air
5. When a sterile surface comes in contact with a wet, contaminated surface, the
sterile object or field becomes contaminated by capillary action
6. Fluid flows the in the direction of gravity
