The Learning Approach
Classical and Instrumental Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Also called Pavlovian conditioning.
Learner is forming a new association, not learning new behavior!
Allows organisms to prepare for environmental events by learning about the relationship
between stimuli.
Important Terminology
US (Unconditioned Stimulus): any stimulus that innately elicits a reflexive UCR.
UCR (Unconditioned Response): a reflexive, innate response.
CS (Conditioned Stimulus): a stimulus that elicits a CR after pairings with a US.
CR (Conditioned Response): a response elicited by a CS.
Classical Conditioning and Pavlov’s Dogs
Before Conditioning
US =Food
UR=Salivation
After Conditioning
CS=sound of the bell
CR=Salivation
Classical Conditioning and Little Albert
Before Conditioning
US =Loud Noise
UR=Fear (Crying)
After Conditioning
CS=Rat
CR=Fear (Crying)
Important Classical Conditioning Phenomena
Second-Order Conditioning
Acquisition
Extinction
Spontaneous Recovery
Generalization
Discrimination
Applications
, A young child goes to the doctor to receive an immunization. The shot is painful and the
child cries. The next day the child sees the doctor at Target and the child cries. In this
example, the pain from the shot is ___________
A young child goes to the doctor to receive an immunization. The shot is painful and the
child cries. The next day the child sees the doctor at Target and the child cries. In this
example, the doctor is ___________
A young child goes to the doctor to receive an immunization. The shot is painful and the
child cries. The next day the child sees the doctor at Target and the child cries. In this
example the crying in response to the doctor is ___________
A young child goes to the doctor to receive an immunization. The shot is painful and the
child cries. The next day the child sees the doctor at Target and the child cries. The
following week the child goes to Target (no doctor) and cries. In this example Target is
___________
We discussed numerous examples of classical conditioning. For the puking blue jay, what is
the conditioned stimulus?
A. Milkweed plants
B. Nausea
C. Monarch butterflies
D. Throwing-up
E. Can not tell without more information
A puff of air hits the eyes causing a blink. This air puff is paired with a red light flash. Soon
the red light alone causes a blink. The puff of air is the?
A. CS
B. CR
C. US
D. US
E. None of the above
A puff of air hits the eyes causing a blink. This air puff is paired with a red light flash. Soon
the red light alone causes a blink. The red light is the?
A. CS
B. CR
C. US
D. US
E. None of the above
A puff of air hits the eyes causing a blink. This air puff is paired with a red light flash. Soon
the red light alone causes a blink. The eye blink in repsonse to the puff of air is the?
A. CS
Classical and Instrumental Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Also called Pavlovian conditioning.
Learner is forming a new association, not learning new behavior!
Allows organisms to prepare for environmental events by learning about the relationship
between stimuli.
Important Terminology
US (Unconditioned Stimulus): any stimulus that innately elicits a reflexive UCR.
UCR (Unconditioned Response): a reflexive, innate response.
CS (Conditioned Stimulus): a stimulus that elicits a CR after pairings with a US.
CR (Conditioned Response): a response elicited by a CS.
Classical Conditioning and Pavlov’s Dogs
Before Conditioning
US =Food
UR=Salivation
After Conditioning
CS=sound of the bell
CR=Salivation
Classical Conditioning and Little Albert
Before Conditioning
US =Loud Noise
UR=Fear (Crying)
After Conditioning
CS=Rat
CR=Fear (Crying)
Important Classical Conditioning Phenomena
Second-Order Conditioning
Acquisition
Extinction
Spontaneous Recovery
Generalization
Discrimination
Applications
, A young child goes to the doctor to receive an immunization. The shot is painful and the
child cries. The next day the child sees the doctor at Target and the child cries. In this
example, the pain from the shot is ___________
A young child goes to the doctor to receive an immunization. The shot is painful and the
child cries. The next day the child sees the doctor at Target and the child cries. In this
example, the doctor is ___________
A young child goes to the doctor to receive an immunization. The shot is painful and the
child cries. The next day the child sees the doctor at Target and the child cries. In this
example the crying in response to the doctor is ___________
A young child goes to the doctor to receive an immunization. The shot is painful and the
child cries. The next day the child sees the doctor at Target and the child cries. The
following week the child goes to Target (no doctor) and cries. In this example Target is
___________
We discussed numerous examples of classical conditioning. For the puking blue jay, what is
the conditioned stimulus?
A. Milkweed plants
B. Nausea
C. Monarch butterflies
D. Throwing-up
E. Can not tell without more information
A puff of air hits the eyes causing a blink. This air puff is paired with a red light flash. Soon
the red light alone causes a blink. The puff of air is the?
A. CS
B. CR
C. US
D. US
E. None of the above
A puff of air hits the eyes causing a blink. This air puff is paired with a red light flash. Soon
the red light alone causes a blink. The red light is the?
A. CS
B. CR
C. US
D. US
E. None of the above
A puff of air hits the eyes causing a blink. This air puff is paired with a red light flash. Soon
the red light alone causes a blink. The eye blink in repsonse to the puff of air is the?
A. CS
