Test Bank for Human Heredity Principles and Issues.
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Clones – Answer genetically identical molecules, cells, or organisms all derived from a single ancestor
Recombinant DNA technology -Answer A series of techniques in which DNA fragments from an organism
are linked to self-replicating vectors to create recombinant DNA molecules, which are replicated or
cloned in a host cell.
Restriction Enzyme -Answer A bacterial enzyme that cuts DNA at specific sites
Vectors – Answer self-replicating DNA molecules that are used to transfer foreign DNA segments
between host cells
Genomic Library – Answer In recombinant DNA terminology, a collection of clones that contains all the
genetic information in an individual.
Yeast Artificial Chromosome (YAC) -Answer A cloning vector that has telomeres and a centromere that
can accommodate large DNA inserts and uses the eukaryote yeast as a host cell.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) -Answer A method for amplifying DNA using cycles of denaturation,
annealing to primers, and DNA polymerase-directed DNA synthesis
Southern blot -Answer A method for transferring DNA fragments from a gel to a membrane filter,
developed by Edwin Southern for use in hybridization experiments
DNA Sequencing -Answer A technique for determining the nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule
DNA microarray -Answer A series of short nucleotide sequences placed on a solid support (such as glass)
that have several different uses, such as detection of mutant genes or differences in the pattern of gene
expression in normal and cancerous cells
, Biotechnology – Answer the use of recombinant DNA technology to produce commercial goods and
services
Enzyme replacement therapy – Answer Treatment of a genetic disorder by providing a missing enzyme
encoded by the mutant allele responsible for the disorder
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs)-Answer Cells in the inner cell mass of early embryos that will form all the
cells, tissues, and organs of the adult. Because of their ability to form so many different cell types, these
cells are called pluripotent cells
Pluripotent – Answer The ability of a stem cell to form any fetal or adult cell type
Adult stem cells – Answer Stem cells recovered from bone marrow and other organs of adults. These
cells can differentiate to form a limited number of adult cells, and are called multipotent cells
Multipotent – Answer The restricted ability of a stem cell to form only one or a few different cell types
Induced pluripotent stem cells (IPS cells) -Answer Adult cells that can be reprogrammed (induced) by
gene transfer to form cells with most of the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells. Because
of this developmental potential, such cells are pluripotent
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) -Answer A general term used to refer to transgenic plants or
animals created by recombinant DNA techniques
Transgenic – Answer Refers to the transfer of genes between species by recombinant DNA technology;
transgenic organisms have received such a gene
Minisatllite-Answer nucleotide sequences 14 to 100 base pairs long, organized into clusters of varying
lengths, on many different chromosomes; used in the construction of DNA fingerprints
DNA fingerprint- Answer Detection of variations in minisatellites used to identify individuals
A+ GURANTEED TO ALL LEARNERS.
Clones – Answer genetically identical molecules, cells, or organisms all derived from a single ancestor
Recombinant DNA technology -Answer A series of techniques in which DNA fragments from an organism
are linked to self-replicating vectors to create recombinant DNA molecules, which are replicated or
cloned in a host cell.
Restriction Enzyme -Answer A bacterial enzyme that cuts DNA at specific sites
Vectors – Answer self-replicating DNA molecules that are used to transfer foreign DNA segments
between host cells
Genomic Library – Answer In recombinant DNA terminology, a collection of clones that contains all the
genetic information in an individual.
Yeast Artificial Chromosome (YAC) -Answer A cloning vector that has telomeres and a centromere that
can accommodate large DNA inserts and uses the eukaryote yeast as a host cell.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) -Answer A method for amplifying DNA using cycles of denaturation,
annealing to primers, and DNA polymerase-directed DNA synthesis
Southern blot -Answer A method for transferring DNA fragments from a gel to a membrane filter,
developed by Edwin Southern for use in hybridization experiments
DNA Sequencing -Answer A technique for determining the nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule
DNA microarray -Answer A series of short nucleotide sequences placed on a solid support (such as glass)
that have several different uses, such as detection of mutant genes or differences in the pattern of gene
expression in normal and cancerous cells
, Biotechnology – Answer the use of recombinant DNA technology to produce commercial goods and
services
Enzyme replacement therapy – Answer Treatment of a genetic disorder by providing a missing enzyme
encoded by the mutant allele responsible for the disorder
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs)-Answer Cells in the inner cell mass of early embryos that will form all the
cells, tissues, and organs of the adult. Because of their ability to form so many different cell types, these
cells are called pluripotent cells
Pluripotent – Answer The ability of a stem cell to form any fetal or adult cell type
Adult stem cells – Answer Stem cells recovered from bone marrow and other organs of adults. These
cells can differentiate to form a limited number of adult cells, and are called multipotent cells
Multipotent – Answer The restricted ability of a stem cell to form only one or a few different cell types
Induced pluripotent stem cells (IPS cells) -Answer Adult cells that can be reprogrammed (induced) by
gene transfer to form cells with most of the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells. Because
of this developmental potential, such cells are pluripotent
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) -Answer A general term used to refer to transgenic plants or
animals created by recombinant DNA techniques
Transgenic – Answer Refers to the transfer of genes between species by recombinant DNA technology;
transgenic organisms have received such a gene
Minisatllite-Answer nucleotide sequences 14 to 100 base pairs long, organized into clusters of varying
lengths, on many different chromosomes; used in the construction of DNA fingerprints
DNA fingerprint- Answer Detection of variations in minisatellites used to identify individuals
