Test Bank For Adult Development and Aging 8th Edition by John C. Cavanaugh, Fredda Blanchard-Fields 9781337559089 Chapter 1-14 Complete Guide With Questions and Answers

Test Bank For Adult Development and Aging 8th Edition by John C. Cavanaugh, Fredda Blanchard-Fields 9781337559089 Chapter 1-14 Complete Guide With Questions and Answers Gerontology - Correct Answer-The study of aging from maturity through old age Myths of aging lead to the negative stereotypes of older people, which may result in AGEISM, a form of discrimination against older adults based on their age. True or False. - Correct Answer-True Name the 4 aging stereotypes - Correct Answer-Physical, Cognitive, Emotional, and Social. Physical Stereotype - Correct Answer-Most people OVER 65 are physically impaired. Large percentages live in nursing homes. Cognitive Stereotype - Correct Answer-People OVER 65 are unable to think clearly, remember well, or learn new things. A large percentage are "senile." *senile=showing a decline or deterioration of physical strength or mental functioning, especially short-term memory and alertness, as a result of old age or disease.* Emotional Stereotype - Correct Answer-People OVER 65 are unhappy, fearful, and depressed. Psychological problems are rampant in old age. *rampant= Wild, out of control, occurring without restraint and frequently, widely, or menacingly* Social Stereotype - Correct Answer-People OVER 65 are isolated, alone, and disconnected from family and friends. Poverty is endemic in the later years. *endemic= Regularly found among particular people or in a certain area.* Fact of Physical Aging Stereotype - Correct Answer-Although most older adults do suffer from at least one chronic disease, the vast majority report no impairments in their ability to function. Only 5% of older Americans live in nursing homes. Fact of Cognitive Aging Stereotype - Correct Answer-Although losses in thinking, speed, and memory do occur with age, the vast majority of older adults are alert, mentally capable, and definitely able to learn. Only about 5-7% have Alzheimer's disease. Fact of Emotional Aging Stereotype - Correct Answer-Anxiety, depression, and unhappiness are no more prevalent among the old than the young. In fact, rates of many emotional disorders are at their lowest ebb among people over 65. Fact of Social Aging Stereotype - Correct Answer-Older adults are typically in close contact with family, and even those over age 85 have at least one close friend. With 12% of older Americans living under the poverty line, compared to one-fourth of American children under age 6, dire poverty is twice as common at life's beginning than at its final stage. List the 4 Forces of Development - Correct Answer-Biological Forces, Psychological Forces, Sociocultural Forces, & Life-cycle Forces. Biological Forces - Correct Answer-All genetic and health related factors that affect development. Ex: menopause, wrinkling, vision Psychological Forces - Correct Answer-All internal perceptual, cognitive, and personality factors that affect development. Ex: changes in memory Sociocultural Forces - Correct Answer-Interpersonal, societal, cultural, and ethnic factors that provide the context in which we develop. Life-cycle Forces - Correct Answer-Reflect differences in how the same event or combination of biological, psychological and sociocultural forces affects people at different points in their lives. What are the 3 Developmental Influences AKA Interrelations between the Forces? - Correct Answer-Normative age-graded influences, Normative history-graded influences, & Non-normative influences. Normative age-graded influences - Correct Answer-Biological, psychological, and sociocultural forces that are highly correlated with chronological age. Normative history-graded influences - Correct Answer-Events that most people in a culture experience at the same time. Non-normative influences - Correct Answer-Events that may be important for a particular individual but not experienced by most people. They are random or rare. Culture - Correct Answer-Shared basic value orientations, norms, beliefs, and customary habits and ways of learning. Ethnicity - Correct Answer-Individual and collective sense of identity based on historical and cultural group membership. Primary Aging - Correct Answer-Normal, disease-free change over the life span. Secondary Aging - Correct Answer-Developmental changes that are related to disease, lifestyle, and other environmentally induced changes that are not inevitable. Ex: pollution Tertiary Aging - Correct Answer-Rapid losses that occur shortly before death. Chronological Age - Correct Answer-Index variable that allows one to represent events in standard, calendar time. Biological Age - Correct Answer-Index of the functioning of core organ systems. Psychological Age - Correct Answer-Functional level of psychological