Chapter 9: Planning for Community
change Questions & Answers
Health Planning - ANSWER-Organized and systematic process in which problems are
identified, priorities selected, and objectives set for the development of community
health programs based on the findings of community health assessments and health
surveillance data.
-Health planning occurs at the global, national, regional, state, county, and local levels.
-Health planning should be coordinated and consistent among each of these levels.
Common themes of current national and international health plans - ANSWER-
Providing health promotion and disease prevention at the population level,
-Addressing social determinants of health, and achieving health equity.
Levels of Health Planning: Global - ANSWER-World Health Organization (WHO), the
United Nations (UN), and many regional organizations engage in global and regional
health planning.
-Recognize the need to promote health and prevent disease by addressing their
underlying political, economic, and social causes and to ensure health equity.
-The Millennium Development Goals
-WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH) Closing the Gap in a
Generation
Levels of Health Planning: National and State Levels - ANSWER-Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC), and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
(HHS)
-Healthy People 2020
-Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and
premature death.
-Achieve health equity, eliminate health disparities, and improve health of all groups.
-Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all.
-Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life
stages
-National Prevention Strategy
-Focus the nation's healthcare system on population health through initiatives and
funding to prevent disease and to support health promotion and wellness across the life
span
-creating healthy and safe community environments,
-integrating clinical and community preventive services,
-empowering people in making healthy choices
-eliminating health disparities.
, Levels of Health Planning: State Departments of Public Health - ANSWERAdopt state
health plans that build on the national objectives in Healthy People 2020
Community Health Improvement Planning Process (CHIP) - ANSWER-Systematic
process that involves all sectors of a community to conduct a comprehensive
community health assessment (CHA), identify priorities for action, develop and
implement a community health improvement plan (CHIP), and guide future community
decisions and resource allocations.
-Emphasizes accountability
-Includes specific performance measures for improvement.
-Hospitals, community health centers, schools, employers, public officials, housing
authorities, faith communities, and many other sectors of a community are included in
the planning and implementation process.
Community Assessment - ANSWER-Systematic process that may use several
approaches including key informant interviews, analysis of data on health status and
health behavior indicators, observation, and community surveys.
-Goal of a CHA is to identify the community health problems that are the priorities for
intervention, as well as community resources available to address each health problem
or need.
-Assessment of a community includes identification of community assets and strengths,
as well as specific health problems or health needs.
-Assessment of community readiness and community capacity to address the identified
health problems is also an important part of the process.
Systems Theory - ANSWER-A community is a complex system of human activity
conducted within the context of the social and ecologic environment.
-Every family, neighborhood, workplace, school, and recreational facility is itself a
system with its own boundaries, rules, and purpose.
-Social systems engage in reciprocal exchange or flows of information, energy,
resources, and goods or services.
-Systems within the community are interdependent and interconnected.
-Bringing about change in the community often requires influencing systems at multiple
levels
Working With the Community - ANSWER-Community health nurse seeks the
participation of community members and institutions as partners in planning and
implementing programs, or changing policies, to achieve desired health outcomes at the
community level.
-Defining the population of interest
-Coalitions:
bring together consumers, health professionals, policy-makers, and other constituencies
to work together to improve community health status.
-Recognizes that
(1) population health results from the interaction of social, cultural, economic, and
political determinants in the overall community and
change Questions & Answers
Health Planning - ANSWER-Organized and systematic process in which problems are
identified, priorities selected, and objectives set for the development of community
health programs based on the findings of community health assessments and health
surveillance data.
-Health planning occurs at the global, national, regional, state, county, and local levels.
-Health planning should be coordinated and consistent among each of these levels.
Common themes of current national and international health plans - ANSWER-
Providing health promotion and disease prevention at the population level,
-Addressing social determinants of health, and achieving health equity.
Levels of Health Planning: Global - ANSWER-World Health Organization (WHO), the
United Nations (UN), and many regional organizations engage in global and regional
health planning.
-Recognize the need to promote health and prevent disease by addressing their
underlying political, economic, and social causes and to ensure health equity.
-The Millennium Development Goals
-WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH) Closing the Gap in a
Generation
Levels of Health Planning: National and State Levels - ANSWER-Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC), and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
(HHS)
-Healthy People 2020
-Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and
premature death.
-Achieve health equity, eliminate health disparities, and improve health of all groups.
-Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all.
-Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life
stages
-National Prevention Strategy
-Focus the nation's healthcare system on population health through initiatives and
funding to prevent disease and to support health promotion and wellness across the life
span
-creating healthy and safe community environments,
-integrating clinical and community preventive services,
-empowering people in making healthy choices
-eliminating health disparities.
, Levels of Health Planning: State Departments of Public Health - ANSWERAdopt state
health plans that build on the national objectives in Healthy People 2020
Community Health Improvement Planning Process (CHIP) - ANSWER-Systematic
process that involves all sectors of a community to conduct a comprehensive
community health assessment (CHA), identify priorities for action, develop and
implement a community health improvement plan (CHIP), and guide future community
decisions and resource allocations.
-Emphasizes accountability
-Includes specific performance measures for improvement.
-Hospitals, community health centers, schools, employers, public officials, housing
authorities, faith communities, and many other sectors of a community are included in
the planning and implementation process.
Community Assessment - ANSWER-Systematic process that may use several
approaches including key informant interviews, analysis of data on health status and
health behavior indicators, observation, and community surveys.
-Goal of a CHA is to identify the community health problems that are the priorities for
intervention, as well as community resources available to address each health problem
or need.
-Assessment of a community includes identification of community assets and strengths,
as well as specific health problems or health needs.
-Assessment of community readiness and community capacity to address the identified
health problems is also an important part of the process.
Systems Theory - ANSWER-A community is a complex system of human activity
conducted within the context of the social and ecologic environment.
-Every family, neighborhood, workplace, school, and recreational facility is itself a
system with its own boundaries, rules, and purpose.
-Social systems engage in reciprocal exchange or flows of information, energy,
resources, and goods or services.
-Systems within the community are interdependent and interconnected.
-Bringing about change in the community often requires influencing systems at multiple
levels
Working With the Community - ANSWER-Community health nurse seeks the
participation of community members and institutions as partners in planning and
implementing programs, or changing policies, to achieve desired health outcomes at the
community level.
-Defining the population of interest
-Coalitions:
bring together consumers, health professionals, policy-makers, and other constituencies
to work together to improve community health status.
-Recognizes that
(1) population health results from the interaction of social, cultural, economic, and
political determinants in the overall community and
