NUR356 Exam Prep Questions And 100% Correct Answers
Heparin:
Indications, Mechanism of Action, Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Indications: Treatment and prophylaxis of VTE/DVT, treatment of ACS, treatment of DIC
Mechanism of Action: Inhibits clotting factors by binding irreversibly to antithrombin
Adverse Effects: Bleeding, bruising and pain at injection site
Contraindications: Active bleeding, bleeding disorder, severe HTN
Salbutamol:
Indications, Mechanism of Action, Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Indications: Asthma, COPD, Allergic Reactions, Bronchospasm
Mechanism of Action: Acts on B2 receptors, rapidly relaxing smooth muscle, relieving
constriction in the airways.
Adverse Effects: Tachycardia, tremors, agitation, headache
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to salbutamol
Causes of dizziness
Hypotension
Hypoglycaemia
Anxiety
,Medication interactions
Anemia
List cardiac causes of chest pain
MI, PE, coronary artery spasm, myocardial ischemia, pericarditis, MV Prolapse, Cancer
List non-cardiac causes of chest pain
Dissecting thoracic aneurysm, GORD, pneumonia, gall bladder inflammation,
pneumothorax, pleurisy, musculoskeletal pain
What is troponin and what does it indicate?
A protein released by cardiac muscle when damage has occured.
A higher level of troponin reveals a higher degree of myocardial damage. The damage
indicates a myocardial infarction.
Above 0.40 ng/ml indciates an MI.
ABG Interpretation:
PH: 7.23, PaCo2: 50, HCO3: 26
Eg. Patient is respiratory or metabolically acidotic or alkalotic?
Respiratory Acidosis
3 multiple choice options
ABG Interpretation:
PH: 7.46, PaCo2: 37, HCO3: 29
Eg. Patient is respiratory or metabolically acidotic or alkalotic?
Metabolic Alkalosis
3 multiple choice options
The hallmark symptom of ARDS is
Lung Inflammation
, List direct and indirect causes of ARDS
DIRECT: Pneomonia, trauma, aspiration of stomach acid
INDIRECT: Sepsis, Cytokine storm
ARDS causes damage to the lungs, resulting in
A) Hypoxemia
B) Alveolar Damage
C) Pulmonary Oedema
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
Describe asthma and it's symptoms
Reactive airway disease. An allergic response or hypersensitivity to allergens, irritants
or exercise.
Characterised by bronchospasm, airway inflammation and thick mucous production.
Wheezing is the most common presenting symptom-usually expiratory. Typically
accompanied by tachypnoea, low SpO2 levels and accessory muscle use.
Also dyspnea, chest tightness, decreased air exchange and anxiety.
Explain Bipap vs CPAP
BIPAP: Two pressures. Provides inspiratory AND expiratory pressure. Enables pt to
blow of CO2. Good for CO2 retainers. For type 2 respiratory failure.
CPAP: Provides one pressure, inspirartory only. Improves oxygenation and reduces
WOB. For type 1 respiratory failure.
List 4 airway adjuncts
1. LMA
2. NPA
3. OPA (Guedel)
4. ETT
respiratory acidosis causes
Asthma
Heparin:
Indications, Mechanism of Action, Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Indications: Treatment and prophylaxis of VTE/DVT, treatment of ACS, treatment of DIC
Mechanism of Action: Inhibits clotting factors by binding irreversibly to antithrombin
Adverse Effects: Bleeding, bruising and pain at injection site
Contraindications: Active bleeding, bleeding disorder, severe HTN
Salbutamol:
Indications, Mechanism of Action, Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Indications: Asthma, COPD, Allergic Reactions, Bronchospasm
Mechanism of Action: Acts on B2 receptors, rapidly relaxing smooth muscle, relieving
constriction in the airways.
Adverse Effects: Tachycardia, tremors, agitation, headache
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to salbutamol
Causes of dizziness
Hypotension
Hypoglycaemia
Anxiety
,Medication interactions
Anemia
List cardiac causes of chest pain
MI, PE, coronary artery spasm, myocardial ischemia, pericarditis, MV Prolapse, Cancer
List non-cardiac causes of chest pain
Dissecting thoracic aneurysm, GORD, pneumonia, gall bladder inflammation,
pneumothorax, pleurisy, musculoskeletal pain
What is troponin and what does it indicate?
A protein released by cardiac muscle when damage has occured.
A higher level of troponin reveals a higher degree of myocardial damage. The damage
indicates a myocardial infarction.
Above 0.40 ng/ml indciates an MI.
ABG Interpretation:
PH: 7.23, PaCo2: 50, HCO3: 26
Eg. Patient is respiratory or metabolically acidotic or alkalotic?
Respiratory Acidosis
3 multiple choice options
ABG Interpretation:
PH: 7.46, PaCo2: 37, HCO3: 29
Eg. Patient is respiratory or metabolically acidotic or alkalotic?
Metabolic Alkalosis
3 multiple choice options
The hallmark symptom of ARDS is
Lung Inflammation
, List direct and indirect causes of ARDS
DIRECT: Pneomonia, trauma, aspiration of stomach acid
INDIRECT: Sepsis, Cytokine storm
ARDS causes damage to the lungs, resulting in
A) Hypoxemia
B) Alveolar Damage
C) Pulmonary Oedema
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
Describe asthma and it's symptoms
Reactive airway disease. An allergic response or hypersensitivity to allergens, irritants
or exercise.
Characterised by bronchospasm, airway inflammation and thick mucous production.
Wheezing is the most common presenting symptom-usually expiratory. Typically
accompanied by tachypnoea, low SpO2 levels and accessory muscle use.
Also dyspnea, chest tightness, decreased air exchange and anxiety.
Explain Bipap vs CPAP
BIPAP: Two pressures. Provides inspiratory AND expiratory pressure. Enables pt to
blow of CO2. Good for CO2 retainers. For type 2 respiratory failure.
CPAP: Provides one pressure, inspirartory only. Improves oxygenation and reduces
WOB. For type 1 respiratory failure.
List 4 airway adjuncts
1. LMA
2. NPA
3. OPA (Guedel)
4. ETT
respiratory acidosis causes
Asthma
