Penn Foster Biology; Unit 3 Part 1 Exam
Questions and Answers 100% Solved
translation - ✔✔process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is
produced
codon - ✔✔sequence of three nucleotides that codes for one amino acid
anticodon - ✔✔set of three nucleotides in a tRNA molecule that binds to a
complementary mRNA codon during translation
peptide bond - ✔✔chemical bond that links amino acids into chains called
polypeptides
central dogma - ✔✔theory that states that, in cells, information only flows
from DNA to RNA to proteins
RNA - ✔✔Single-stranded nucleic acid molecule that allows for the
transmission of genetic information and protein synthesis
transcription - ✔✔The first step of gene expression; process of copying a
nucleotide sequence of DNA to form a complementary strand of messenger
RNA
, messenger RNA (mRNA) - ✔✔form of RNA that carries genetic information
from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein
synthesis
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) - ✔✔RNA that is in the ribosome and guides the
translation of messenger RNA into a protein; also used as a "molecular
clock"
transfer RNA (tRNA) - ✔✔form of RNA that brings amino acids to
ribosomes during protein synthesis
replication - ✔✔process by which DNA is copied
base-pairing rules - ✔✔rule that describes how nucleotides form bonds in
DNA; adenine (A) always bonds with thymine (T), and guanine (G) always
bonds with cytosine (C)
bacteriophage - ✔✔virus that infects bacteria, changing and/or taking over
its function
gene - ✔✔specific region of DNA that codes for a particular protein
nucleotide - ✔✔monomer that forms DNA and has a phosphate group, a
sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base
Questions and Answers 100% Solved
translation - ✔✔process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is
produced
codon - ✔✔sequence of three nucleotides that codes for one amino acid
anticodon - ✔✔set of three nucleotides in a tRNA molecule that binds to a
complementary mRNA codon during translation
peptide bond - ✔✔chemical bond that links amino acids into chains called
polypeptides
central dogma - ✔✔theory that states that, in cells, information only flows
from DNA to RNA to proteins
RNA - ✔✔Single-stranded nucleic acid molecule that allows for the
transmission of genetic information and protein synthesis
transcription - ✔✔The first step of gene expression; process of copying a
nucleotide sequence of DNA to form a complementary strand of messenger
RNA
, messenger RNA (mRNA) - ✔✔form of RNA that carries genetic information
from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein
synthesis
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) - ✔✔RNA that is in the ribosome and guides the
translation of messenger RNA into a protein; also used as a "molecular
clock"
transfer RNA (tRNA) - ✔✔form of RNA that brings amino acids to
ribosomes during protein synthesis
replication - ✔✔process by which DNA is copied
base-pairing rules - ✔✔rule that describes how nucleotides form bonds in
DNA; adenine (A) always bonds with thymine (T), and guanine (G) always
bonds with cytosine (C)
bacteriophage - ✔✔virus that infects bacteria, changing and/or taking over
its function
gene - ✔✔specific region of DNA that codes for a particular protein
nucleotide - ✔✔monomer that forms DNA and has a phosphate group, a
sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base
