BNNS502 Pt 2 Exam
Latest Update
Functions of the nucleus - Answer Control cellular structure, directs cellular activity,
produces ribosomes
How many pairs of chromosomes does the body have - Answer 23
2 chromosomes making up a chromosome pair are called - Answer Homologous
chromosomes
Allelels are - Answer Alternative versions of a gene
Describe Homozygous vs Heterozygous alleles - Answer Homozygous have identical
info for a trait where as heterozygous have different
What are the 2 types of cell division - Answer Somatic and reproductive
What is the aim of somatic cell division - Answer Replace dead or injured cells or add
new ones via mitosis and cytokinesis
What s the aim of reproductive cell division - Answer Produce gamete haploid(23 single
chromosomes) cells via meiosis
What are the 3 stages of somatic cell division - Answer - Interphase -Mitosis -Cytokinesis
What does Interphase involve - Answer Doubling of genetic material, DNA unzips via
enzyme presence
What does Mitosis involve - Answer 4 stages in which nucleus/chromosomes divide
What occurs during cytokinesis - Answer Division of cytoplasm to create 2 identical
daughter cells
Describe meiosis I and meiosis II - Answer Meiosis I: 4 Stages that produce 2 genetically
different cells
Meiosis: Similar to mitosis (division of cytoplasm)
What is the purpose of crossing over during meiosis I - Answer Genetic variation
because of the exchange of genes homologous chromosomes
What is cancer - Answer The result of uncontrolled or abnormal cell proliferation
resulting in excess tissue called a tumour
, Carcinoma cancers arise from - Answer Epithelial tissue
Leukaemia cancer arises from - Answer WBC
Define inheritance - Answer Passage of hereditary traits from one generation to another
Compare genotype to a phenotype - Answer Genotype is the genetic makeup of an
individual and Phenotype is the physical characteristic determined by the genotype
Define Mutation - Answer Permanent heritable change in a gene
Homozygous vs Heterozygous - Answer Homozygous: Same alleles (PP,pp)
Heterozygous: Different alleles (Pp)
Are genetic disorders Dominant or recessive - Answer Recessive and takes both
parents to be carriers
Autosomes vs sex chromosomes - Answer Autosomes: Any chromosome that isn't a sex
chromosome
Sex chromosome: 23rd pair (XX or XY)
XX and XY code for - Answer XX: Female
XY: Male
What does the X chromosome contain - Answer Genes important for brain function,
clottong factor and cone pigments
Why are male sex linked traits more common - Answer Because it always expressed
because there is no corresponding allele on Y chromosome, females must have 2
sexlinked recessive alleles
What errors can occur during meiosis - Answer Trisomy (2n+1) or monosomy (2n -1)
Down syndrome occurs when - Answer There is an extra 21st chromosome
What is a teratogen - Answer Any agent or influence that causes developmental defects
in the embryo ie chemicals, drugs, cigarettes, irradition
Name some autosomal dominant genetic disorders and what causes them - Answer
Huntingtons disease, gene specific breast and ovarian cancers. Caused by mutation on
a single gene
Name some autosomal recessive genetic disorders and what causes them - Answer
Cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease. Caused my a mutation of 2 gene pairs on a
chromosome
Name an X-linked recessive disorder - Answer Haemophilia
Latest Update
Functions of the nucleus - Answer Control cellular structure, directs cellular activity,
produces ribosomes
How many pairs of chromosomes does the body have - Answer 23
2 chromosomes making up a chromosome pair are called - Answer Homologous
chromosomes
Allelels are - Answer Alternative versions of a gene
Describe Homozygous vs Heterozygous alleles - Answer Homozygous have identical
info for a trait where as heterozygous have different
What are the 2 types of cell division - Answer Somatic and reproductive
What is the aim of somatic cell division - Answer Replace dead or injured cells or add
new ones via mitosis and cytokinesis
What s the aim of reproductive cell division - Answer Produce gamete haploid(23 single
chromosomes) cells via meiosis
What are the 3 stages of somatic cell division - Answer - Interphase -Mitosis -Cytokinesis
What does Interphase involve - Answer Doubling of genetic material, DNA unzips via
enzyme presence
What does Mitosis involve - Answer 4 stages in which nucleus/chromosomes divide
What occurs during cytokinesis - Answer Division of cytoplasm to create 2 identical
daughter cells
Describe meiosis I and meiosis II - Answer Meiosis I: 4 Stages that produce 2 genetically
different cells
Meiosis: Similar to mitosis (division of cytoplasm)
What is the purpose of crossing over during meiosis I - Answer Genetic variation
because of the exchange of genes homologous chromosomes
What is cancer - Answer The result of uncontrolled or abnormal cell proliferation
resulting in excess tissue called a tumour
, Carcinoma cancers arise from - Answer Epithelial tissue
Leukaemia cancer arises from - Answer WBC
Define inheritance - Answer Passage of hereditary traits from one generation to another
Compare genotype to a phenotype - Answer Genotype is the genetic makeup of an
individual and Phenotype is the physical characteristic determined by the genotype
Define Mutation - Answer Permanent heritable change in a gene
Homozygous vs Heterozygous - Answer Homozygous: Same alleles (PP,pp)
Heterozygous: Different alleles (Pp)
Are genetic disorders Dominant or recessive - Answer Recessive and takes both
parents to be carriers
Autosomes vs sex chromosomes - Answer Autosomes: Any chromosome that isn't a sex
chromosome
Sex chromosome: 23rd pair (XX or XY)
XX and XY code for - Answer XX: Female
XY: Male
What does the X chromosome contain - Answer Genes important for brain function,
clottong factor and cone pigments
Why are male sex linked traits more common - Answer Because it always expressed
because there is no corresponding allele on Y chromosome, females must have 2
sexlinked recessive alleles
What errors can occur during meiosis - Answer Trisomy (2n+1) or monosomy (2n -1)
Down syndrome occurs when - Answer There is an extra 21st chromosome
What is a teratogen - Answer Any agent or influence that causes developmental defects
in the embryo ie chemicals, drugs, cigarettes, irradition
Name some autosomal dominant genetic disorders and what causes them - Answer
Huntingtons disease, gene specific breast and ovarian cancers. Caused by mutation on
a single gene
Name some autosomal recessive genetic disorders and what causes them - Answer
Cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease. Caused my a mutation of 2 gene pairs on a
chromosome
Name an X-linked recessive disorder - Answer Haemophilia
