PSY 1012 Final Exam Review
Chapter 8: Cognition, Language, and Creativity
1. Identify common barriers to problem solving.
● Functional Fixedness:
○ tendency to perceive an items in terms of most common use
● Emotional Barriers:
○ inhibition and fear of making a fool of oneself, fear of making a
mistake, inability to tolerate ambiguity, excessive self-criticism
● Cultural Barriers:
○ differing values and beliefs
● Learned Barriers:
○ conventions about uses (functional fixedness), meanings, possibilities,
taboos
● Perceptual Barriers:
○ habits leading to a failure to identify important elements of a problem
Chapter 9: Intelligence
1. Who developed the first intelligence test and for what purpose?
● Alfred Binet
○ wanted to find a way to distinguish slower students from the more
capable
2. Identify average, below average, and gifted intelligence quotients.
● Average:
○ 90-109
● Below Average:
○ 70 & Below
● Gifted:
, ○ Above 130
3. Briefly describe different types of intellectual disability (retardation).
● Degree of Disability:
○ Mild, Moderate, Severe, Profound
● Educational Certification:
○ Educable, Trainable, Dependent, Life-Support
● Required Level of Support:
○ Intermediate, Limited, Extensive, Pervasive
4. Identify the causes of intellectual disability.
● 1.) Familial Intellectual Disability:
○ Occurs mostly in very poor households where nutrition, intellectual
stimulation, medical care & emotional support may be inadequate
● 2.) Metabolic Disorders:
○ affect energy production & use in the body.
● 3.) Genetic Abnormalities:
○ Missing genes, Extra genes, & Defective genes
● 4.) Malnutrition & Exposure to Lead, Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), &
other toxins
○ early in childhood can also cause organic intellectual disability.
● 5. ) Down Syndrome:
○ Causes moderate to severe intellectual disability & a shortened life
expectancy of around 49 years.
● 6.) Fragile X Syndrome:
○ hereditary; the problem is related to a thin fragile looking area on the
x chromosome. Boys are more often affected ( 1 out of 5000).
● 7.) Phenylketonuria (PKU):
Chapter 8: Cognition, Language, and Creativity
1. Identify common barriers to problem solving.
● Functional Fixedness:
○ tendency to perceive an items in terms of most common use
● Emotional Barriers:
○ inhibition and fear of making a fool of oneself, fear of making a
mistake, inability to tolerate ambiguity, excessive self-criticism
● Cultural Barriers:
○ differing values and beliefs
● Learned Barriers:
○ conventions about uses (functional fixedness), meanings, possibilities,
taboos
● Perceptual Barriers:
○ habits leading to a failure to identify important elements of a problem
Chapter 9: Intelligence
1. Who developed the first intelligence test and for what purpose?
● Alfred Binet
○ wanted to find a way to distinguish slower students from the more
capable
2. Identify average, below average, and gifted intelligence quotients.
● Average:
○ 90-109
● Below Average:
○ 70 & Below
● Gifted:
, ○ Above 130
3. Briefly describe different types of intellectual disability (retardation).
● Degree of Disability:
○ Mild, Moderate, Severe, Profound
● Educational Certification:
○ Educable, Trainable, Dependent, Life-Support
● Required Level of Support:
○ Intermediate, Limited, Extensive, Pervasive
4. Identify the causes of intellectual disability.
● 1.) Familial Intellectual Disability:
○ Occurs mostly in very poor households where nutrition, intellectual
stimulation, medical care & emotional support may be inadequate
● 2.) Metabolic Disorders:
○ affect energy production & use in the body.
● 3.) Genetic Abnormalities:
○ Missing genes, Extra genes, & Defective genes
● 4.) Malnutrition & Exposure to Lead, Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), &
other toxins
○ early in childhood can also cause organic intellectual disability.
● 5. ) Down Syndrome:
○ Causes moderate to severe intellectual disability & a shortened life
expectancy of around 49 years.
● 6.) Fragile X Syndrome:
○ hereditary; the problem is related to a thin fragile looking area on the
x chromosome. Boys are more often affected ( 1 out of 5000).
● 7.) Phenylketonuria (PKU):
