Intro to human anatomy and physiology
chapter 2
The basic unit of all living things and the building blocks of the human body. - ANS Cells
Cells consists of : - ANS -control center
-internal transportation center
-power plants
-factories for making needed materials
-packaging plants
Cells are so small. How are they studied? - ANS Through a microscope
The ____ and _____ of a cell are related to the specific function it must perform. - ANS size
and shape
The jelly like material of the cell - ANS cytoplasm
Specialized "little organs" that are scattered throughout the cell and performs jobs withing the
cells. - ANS Organelles
Protects the cell and regulates the passage of materials into and out of the cell. - ANS Plasma
membrane
The plasma membrane consists of a double layer of lipids in which a variety of proteins are
embedded. What is the name of the double layer? - ANS Phospholipid bilayer
Large, rounded organelle and is the control center of the cell - ANS Nucleus
Chromatin becomes more tightly coiled and condenses to form rod shaped bodies known as ? -
ANS Chromosomes
How many genes does each chromosome contain? - ANS Each chromosome contains
hundreds of thousands of genes
Units of hereditary information that govern the structure and activity of the cell. - ANS Genes
Genes are arranged into a specific linear order, are composed of chemical compound known as
? - ANS DNA
Name one of the largest cells in the body. - ANS Ovum
, This cell joins to form tissues that cover body surfaces and line body cavities - ANS Epithelial
Form involutary muscle tissue of the internal organs. Example being the wall of the digestive
tract. - ANS Smooth muscle fibers
Specialized to transmit messages from one part of the body to another these cells are called... -
ANS Neurons
Type of white blood cell. They move through the tissues of the body and destroy invading
diseased organisms. - ANS Lymphocytes
System of membranes that extend throughout the cytoplasm of many cells - ANS Endoplasmic
reticulum (ER)
How many types of ER are they? - ANS two
Has a granular appearance that results from the presence of organelles called ribosomes. -
ANS Rough ER
Function as factories where proteins are manufactured - ANS Ribosomes
Main site of steroid, phospolipid, and fatty acid synthesis - ANS Smooth ER
Plate like membranes, functions as a protein processing and packaging plant, produces
lysosomes which is an important function. - ANS Golgi Complex
"Little sacs" contain about 40 different digestive enzymes that destroys bacteria and other
foreign matter. - ANS Lysosome
Power plants of the cell, carries on cellular respiration storing some energy in ATP. - ANS
Mitocondrion
The process of breaking down fuel molecules and releasing their energy - ANS Cellular
respiration
Chemical compound that can be used to power a variety of chemical reactions in the cells. -
ANS ATP (adenosine triphospate)
Toxic, highly reactive compounds that interfere with normal cell function. - ANS Free radicals
Part of development and maintenance, a way for the infected cell to destroy itself. - ANS
Apoptosis
chapter 2
The basic unit of all living things and the building blocks of the human body. - ANS Cells
Cells consists of : - ANS -control center
-internal transportation center
-power plants
-factories for making needed materials
-packaging plants
Cells are so small. How are they studied? - ANS Through a microscope
The ____ and _____ of a cell are related to the specific function it must perform. - ANS size
and shape
The jelly like material of the cell - ANS cytoplasm
Specialized "little organs" that are scattered throughout the cell and performs jobs withing the
cells. - ANS Organelles
Protects the cell and regulates the passage of materials into and out of the cell. - ANS Plasma
membrane
The plasma membrane consists of a double layer of lipids in which a variety of proteins are
embedded. What is the name of the double layer? - ANS Phospholipid bilayer
Large, rounded organelle and is the control center of the cell - ANS Nucleus
Chromatin becomes more tightly coiled and condenses to form rod shaped bodies known as ? -
ANS Chromosomes
How many genes does each chromosome contain? - ANS Each chromosome contains
hundreds of thousands of genes
Units of hereditary information that govern the structure and activity of the cell. - ANS Genes
Genes are arranged into a specific linear order, are composed of chemical compound known as
? - ANS DNA
Name one of the largest cells in the body. - ANS Ovum
, This cell joins to form tissues that cover body surfaces and line body cavities - ANS Epithelial
Form involutary muscle tissue of the internal organs. Example being the wall of the digestive
tract. - ANS Smooth muscle fibers
Specialized to transmit messages from one part of the body to another these cells are called... -
ANS Neurons
Type of white blood cell. They move through the tissues of the body and destroy invading
diseased organisms. - ANS Lymphocytes
System of membranes that extend throughout the cytoplasm of many cells - ANS Endoplasmic
reticulum (ER)
How many types of ER are they? - ANS two
Has a granular appearance that results from the presence of organelles called ribosomes. -
ANS Rough ER
Function as factories where proteins are manufactured - ANS Ribosomes
Main site of steroid, phospolipid, and fatty acid synthesis - ANS Smooth ER
Plate like membranes, functions as a protein processing and packaging plant, produces
lysosomes which is an important function. - ANS Golgi Complex
"Little sacs" contain about 40 different digestive enzymes that destroys bacteria and other
foreign matter. - ANS Lysosome
Power plants of the cell, carries on cellular respiration storing some energy in ATP. - ANS
Mitocondrion
The process of breaking down fuel molecules and releasing their energy - ANS Cellular
respiration
Chemical compound that can be used to power a variety of chemical reactions in the cells. -
ANS ATP (adenosine triphospate)
Toxic, highly reactive compounds that interfere with normal cell function. - ANS Free radicals
Part of development and maintenance, a way for the infected cell to destroy itself. - ANS
Apoptosis
