ASCP Molecular Biology Certification Exam
| Latest 2024 With 100% Correct Answers
Pyrimidine - ✔✔One carbon ring
Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil
Purine - ✔✔Two carbon rings
Adenine, Guanine
How are nucleotides joined together? - ✔✔Condensation to form phosphodiester bond
What is the function of mRNA? - ✔✔Carries genetic info out of nucleus
Transcript translated to protein
What is the function of tRNA? - ✔✔Carries aa to ribosome
Anticodon pairs with codon on mRNA strand
What is the function of rRNA? - ✔✔part of ribosome structure
most abundant RNA
coordinated coupling of tRNA to mRNA codons
Feedback inhibition - ✔✔Product of pathway is noncompetitive inhibitor
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,Binds to allosteric site to slow down rxn b/c too much product
Exonucleases - ✔✔Degrades nucleic acids by removing one terminal nt at a time
Cleaves phosphodiester bond at end of chain
5' --> 3' and 3' --> 5'
Endonucleases (Prok) - ✔✔Restriction
enzymes Cleaves phoshpodiester bonds w/i
poly-nt chain Recognition site is palindromic
sequence
Types I-V
ORI sites - ✔✔nt sequence where replication is initiated
Topoisomerase I - ✔✔Induces ss breaks
Remove DNA supercoils during TXN and DNA replication; for strand breakage during
recombination; for chr condensation; and to disentangle intertwined DNA during mitosis
topoisomerase II - ✔✔cuts both strands of one DNA double helix, passes another
unbroken DNA helix through it, and then reanneals the cut strands
Gyrase (topoisomerase II) - ✔✔Unwinds supercoiling caused by unwinding at the rep fork by
introducing DSBs
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,Helicase - ✔✔Breaks H-bonds of double helix at the replication fork
Primase - ✔✔DNApol α (DNA dep RNA pol)
adds short segments of complementary
RNA to ssDNA template (primers), serves as starting points for replication
single-strand DNA binding proteins (SSBPs) - ✔✔Binds ssDNA and prevents it from re-
annealing during TXN, replication, repair, and recombination
Okazaki fragments - ✔✔Short fragments of DNA synthesized by DNApol δ using the lagging
strand (3'->5') as a template
Ligase - ✔✔Closes gaps in DNA
Catalyzes phosphodiester bond between 3'OH and 5'P
What are the steps in DNA replication? - ✔✔1. Initiate
2. Elongate
3. Terminate
Telomeres - ✔✔Repeat sequence (TTAGGG) at the ends of chr, protect chr from degradation
RNA polymerase - ✔✔DNA dependent RNApol
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, Transcribes DNA template to RNA (3'-->5'; anti-parallel)
Splicesomes - ✔✔Complex of snRNPs
Removes introns from pre-mRNA and splices exons together
Enhancers - ✔✔Short regions of DNA that bind proteins (TXN factors) that enhance TXN of a
gene
Poly-A tail - ✔✔Prevents mRNA from being degraded in
cytoplasm 100-250 A's at 3' end
5' cap - ✔✔5'-5' pyrophosphate bridge to a methylated G added to 5' end of a mRNA
Protects against degradation and as a recognition signal for TLN apparatus
aminoacyl tRNA - ✔✔tRNAs that carry amino acids
Ribosomes - ✔✔Where TLN occurs
Prok: 30s and 50s
Euk: 40s and 60s
Catalyzes peptide bond between a.a.'s
What is the path of a tRNA in a ribosome? - ✔✔Acceptor > Peptidyl > Exit
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| Latest 2024 With 100% Correct Answers
Pyrimidine - ✔✔One carbon ring
Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil
Purine - ✔✔Two carbon rings
Adenine, Guanine
How are nucleotides joined together? - ✔✔Condensation to form phosphodiester bond
What is the function of mRNA? - ✔✔Carries genetic info out of nucleus
Transcript translated to protein
What is the function of tRNA? - ✔✔Carries aa to ribosome
Anticodon pairs with codon on mRNA strand
What is the function of rRNA? - ✔✔part of ribosome structure
most abundant RNA
coordinated coupling of tRNA to mRNA codons
Feedback inhibition - ✔✔Product of pathway is noncompetitive inhibitor
Ask for any Exams or Study materials from ()
,Binds to allosteric site to slow down rxn b/c too much product
Exonucleases - ✔✔Degrades nucleic acids by removing one terminal nt at a time
Cleaves phosphodiester bond at end of chain
5' --> 3' and 3' --> 5'
Endonucleases (Prok) - ✔✔Restriction
enzymes Cleaves phoshpodiester bonds w/i
poly-nt chain Recognition site is palindromic
sequence
Types I-V
ORI sites - ✔✔nt sequence where replication is initiated
Topoisomerase I - ✔✔Induces ss breaks
Remove DNA supercoils during TXN and DNA replication; for strand breakage during
recombination; for chr condensation; and to disentangle intertwined DNA during mitosis
topoisomerase II - ✔✔cuts both strands of one DNA double helix, passes another
unbroken DNA helix through it, and then reanneals the cut strands
Gyrase (topoisomerase II) - ✔✔Unwinds supercoiling caused by unwinding at the rep fork by
introducing DSBs
Ask for any Exams or Study materials from ()
,Helicase - ✔✔Breaks H-bonds of double helix at the replication fork
Primase - ✔✔DNApol α (DNA dep RNA pol)
adds short segments of complementary
RNA to ssDNA template (primers), serves as starting points for replication
single-strand DNA binding proteins (SSBPs) - ✔✔Binds ssDNA and prevents it from re-
annealing during TXN, replication, repair, and recombination
Okazaki fragments - ✔✔Short fragments of DNA synthesized by DNApol δ using the lagging
strand (3'->5') as a template
Ligase - ✔✔Closes gaps in DNA
Catalyzes phosphodiester bond between 3'OH and 5'P
What are the steps in DNA replication? - ✔✔1. Initiate
2. Elongate
3. Terminate
Telomeres - ✔✔Repeat sequence (TTAGGG) at the ends of chr, protect chr from degradation
RNA polymerase - ✔✔DNA dependent RNApol
Ask for any Exams or Study materials from ()
, Transcribes DNA template to RNA (3'-->5'; anti-parallel)
Splicesomes - ✔✔Complex of snRNPs
Removes introns from pre-mRNA and splices exons together
Enhancers - ✔✔Short regions of DNA that bind proteins (TXN factors) that enhance TXN of a
gene
Poly-A tail - ✔✔Prevents mRNA from being degraded in
cytoplasm 100-250 A's at 3' end
5' cap - ✔✔5'-5' pyrophosphate bridge to a methylated G added to 5' end of a mRNA
Protects against degradation and as a recognition signal for TLN apparatus
aminoacyl tRNA - ✔✔tRNAs that carry amino acids
Ribosomes - ✔✔Where TLN occurs
Prok: 30s and 50s
Euk: 40s and 60s
Catalyzes peptide bond between a.a.'s
What is the path of a tRNA in a ribosome? - ✔✔Acceptor > Peptidyl > Exit
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