NURS 5334 PHARMACOLOGY MODULE 2 QUIZ |
ANSWERED| LATEST VERSION.
Treatment of choice for oral therapy of UTI's - TMP/SMZ for 3 days; Nitrofurantoin for 5
days
Second line drugs for UTI - Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin for 3 days
Nitrofurantoin - Urinary tract antiseptic
Nitrofurantoin uses - Lower UTI's; prophylaxis; recurrent lower UTI's. (not absorbed
systemically: cannot be used for anything in the kidneys)
Nitrofurantoin adverse effects - GI effects; pulmonary reactions; hematologic effects;
peripheral neuropathy (demyelination and nerve degeneration can occur and may be
irreversible); hepatotoxicity; birth defects
Methenamine - Decomposes to formaldehyde and ammonia; used for chronic lower
UTI's; contraindicated in renal and liver failure; drug interactions - urinary alkalinizers,
which reduce effects, sulfonamides pose risk for crystalluria
Acute cystitis treatment - Single dose therapy: fosfomycin; short-course therapy:
TMP/SMZ for 3 days; conventional therapy: nitrofurantoin for 7 days
Acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis treatment - First line: TMP/SMZ, ciprofloxacin, and
levofloxacin for 10-14 days; second line: augmentin, cephalexin
Complicated UTI treatment - TMP/SMZ for 7-14 days, ciprofloxacin for 7-14 days,
levofloxacin for 5-14 days, augmentin for 7-14 days, cephalexin for 7-14 days
Recurrent UTI treatment - Prophylaxis with TMP/SMZ 3 times weekly for 6 months;
TMP at bedtime for 6 months; OR nitrofurantoin at bedtime for 6 months
Acute bacterial prostatitis treatment - -floxacins for 2-4 weeks
Evaluation of drug sensitivity - Best done with sputum culture (takes up to 16 weeks for
results); drugs are chosen by patterns of drug resistance in the community and
immunocompetence of the patient; a new automated TB assay can identify sensitivity to
rifampin in 2 hours and confirm the presence of M. tuberculosis
, Multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) - Resistant to both isoniazid and rifampin
Extremely drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) - Resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, all
fluoroquinolones, and at least one of the injectable second-line drugs
First line treatment of TB - Isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol.
Rifapentine and rifabutin are also considered to be first line
Two phases of TB treatment - Induction phase: lasts about 8 weeks, eliminate actively
dividing tubercle bacilli. Continuation phase: lasts from 18 weeks to 24 months,
eliminate intracellular persisters
Drug sensitive TB treatment - 8 weeks induction of isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide,
and ethambutol; continuation 18 weeks with isoniazid and rifampin
Isoniazid-resistant TB treatment - Rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide for 6
months
Rifampin-resistant TB treatment - Isoniazid, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide for 18-24
months
MDR-TB and XDR-TB treatment - 24 months with 2nd and 3rd line drugs; poor
prognosis
Patients with TB plus HIV - More aggressive therapy required; minimum 6 months of
treatment; rifampin accelerates metabolism of antiretroviral therapy drugs and
decreases their effects
Promoting drug adherence in TB patients - Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) - also
allows for ongoing assessment of clinical signs; intermittent dosing: 2-3 times/week
Latent TB tests - TB skin test; interferon Gamma Release Assays
Latent TB treatment - Isoniazid alone for 9 months; isoniazid and rifampin weekly for 3
months; active TB must be ruled out
TB vaccination - Bacillus Calmette and Guerin (BCG) vaccine
Second line treatment of TB - Levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, kanamycin, amikacin,
capreomycin, stretpomycin, para-aminosalicylic acid, ethonamid cycloserine
Isoniazid - Standard treatment for latent TB; must be given for at least 6 months,
preferably 9 months; poses a risk for liver damage
Isoniazid adverse effects - Peripheral neuropathy (give pyridoxine and vitamin B6);
hepatotoxicity; optic neuritis; anemia
ANSWERED| LATEST VERSION.
Treatment of choice for oral therapy of UTI's - TMP/SMZ for 3 days; Nitrofurantoin for 5
days
Second line drugs for UTI - Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin for 3 days
Nitrofurantoin - Urinary tract antiseptic
Nitrofurantoin uses - Lower UTI's; prophylaxis; recurrent lower UTI's. (not absorbed
systemically: cannot be used for anything in the kidneys)
Nitrofurantoin adverse effects - GI effects; pulmonary reactions; hematologic effects;
peripheral neuropathy (demyelination and nerve degeneration can occur and may be
irreversible); hepatotoxicity; birth defects
Methenamine - Decomposes to formaldehyde and ammonia; used for chronic lower
UTI's; contraindicated in renal and liver failure; drug interactions - urinary alkalinizers,
which reduce effects, sulfonamides pose risk for crystalluria
Acute cystitis treatment - Single dose therapy: fosfomycin; short-course therapy:
TMP/SMZ for 3 days; conventional therapy: nitrofurantoin for 7 days
Acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis treatment - First line: TMP/SMZ, ciprofloxacin, and
levofloxacin for 10-14 days; second line: augmentin, cephalexin
Complicated UTI treatment - TMP/SMZ for 7-14 days, ciprofloxacin for 7-14 days,
levofloxacin for 5-14 days, augmentin for 7-14 days, cephalexin for 7-14 days
Recurrent UTI treatment - Prophylaxis with TMP/SMZ 3 times weekly for 6 months;
TMP at bedtime for 6 months; OR nitrofurantoin at bedtime for 6 months
Acute bacterial prostatitis treatment - -floxacins for 2-4 weeks
Evaluation of drug sensitivity - Best done with sputum culture (takes up to 16 weeks for
results); drugs are chosen by patterns of drug resistance in the community and
immunocompetence of the patient; a new automated TB assay can identify sensitivity to
rifampin in 2 hours and confirm the presence of M. tuberculosis
, Multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) - Resistant to both isoniazid and rifampin
Extremely drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) - Resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, all
fluoroquinolones, and at least one of the injectable second-line drugs
First line treatment of TB - Isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol.
Rifapentine and rifabutin are also considered to be first line
Two phases of TB treatment - Induction phase: lasts about 8 weeks, eliminate actively
dividing tubercle bacilli. Continuation phase: lasts from 18 weeks to 24 months,
eliminate intracellular persisters
Drug sensitive TB treatment - 8 weeks induction of isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide,
and ethambutol; continuation 18 weeks with isoniazid and rifampin
Isoniazid-resistant TB treatment - Rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide for 6
months
Rifampin-resistant TB treatment - Isoniazid, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide for 18-24
months
MDR-TB and XDR-TB treatment - 24 months with 2nd and 3rd line drugs; poor
prognosis
Patients with TB plus HIV - More aggressive therapy required; minimum 6 months of
treatment; rifampin accelerates metabolism of antiretroviral therapy drugs and
decreases their effects
Promoting drug adherence in TB patients - Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) - also
allows for ongoing assessment of clinical signs; intermittent dosing: 2-3 times/week
Latent TB tests - TB skin test; interferon Gamma Release Assays
Latent TB treatment - Isoniazid alone for 9 months; isoniazid and rifampin weekly for 3
months; active TB must be ruled out
TB vaccination - Bacillus Calmette and Guerin (BCG) vaccine
Second line treatment of TB - Levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, kanamycin, amikacin,
capreomycin, stretpomycin, para-aminosalicylic acid, ethonamid cycloserine
Isoniazid - Standard treatment for latent TB; must be given for at least 6 months,
preferably 9 months; poses a risk for liver damage
Isoniazid adverse effects - Peripheral neuropathy (give pyridoxine and vitamin B6);
hepatotoxicity; optic neuritis; anemia
