EMT FINAL EXAM WITH 150+
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS[FOR A+
GRADES]
[FOR ANY OTHER EXAM OR ASSIGNMENT EMAIL @MACHARIALWS]
The 3 R's - ANSWER>>>>>Retreat, Radio, Reevaluate
What position do you place an unresponsive patient in? - ANSWER>>>>>Recover
position: On the side to aid drainage and prevent breathing blockage from vomitus.
Positions for patients with no suspected spine injury - ANSWER>>>>>If no suspected
spine injuries transport the patient in a position of comfort.
Breathing is easier in a semi-sitting position or fowler or semi fowler.
Position for shock - ANSWER>>>>>Placed in supine position allowing for maximu
blood flow throughout body with minimal resistance from gravity.
Types of consent - ANSWER>>>>>Expressed: Consent given by adults and mentally
competent
Implied: Consent presumed by patient or patients parent/gaurdian would give if
they could, such as for an unconscious patient or a parent who cannot be
contacted.
In loco parentis: In place of a parent, a person who may give consent for a care of a
child when the parents are not present or able to give consent
Assault / Battery - ANSWER>>>>>Assault: Placing a person in fear of bodily harm
Battery: Causing bodily harm to or restraining a person
Res Ipsa Loquitr - ANSWER>>>>>"The thing speaks for itself"
HIPAA - ANSWER>>>>>The health insurance portability and accountability act,
which includes the privacy rule protecting the privacy of patient specific health care
information and providing the patient with control over how this information is
used and distributed.
Anatomic Position and terms - ANSWER>>>>>-A person standing, facing forward,
with palms forward
-proximal: closer to the torso
-distal: farther away from the torso
-Medial: towards the midline
-lateral: to the side away from the midline
,-bilateral: both sides
-Anterior: the front of the body or body part
-Posterior: the back of the body or part
-Superior: toward the head
-Inferior: away from the head
Musculoskeletal system - ANSWER>>>>>Bones and skeletal muscles that support
and protect the body
-Muscle: tissues that can contract to allow movement of a body part
-Ligament: Tissues that connects bone to bone
-Tendon: tissue that connect muscle to bone.
The divisions of the spine - ANSWER>>>>>Cervical 1-7
Thoracic 1-12
Lumbar 1-5
Sacrum 5
Coccyx 4
33 total
Anatomy of the Heart - ANSWER>>>>>Has 4 chambers: two upper chambers called
atria and two lower called ventricles
-Right atrium: The venae cavae or superior and inferior vena cava are two large
veins that return blood to the heart. Recevies blood and sends it to the right
ventricle
- Right ventricle: Receives blood from right atrium and pumps blood to the lungss
via pulmonary arteries. Low oxygen and has waste carbon dioxide. While in lungs
carbon dioxide is excreted and oxygen is obtained. Oxygen rich blood is returned to
the left atrium via pumonary veins.
-Left Atrium: recevies oxygen rich blood and sends to the let ventricle.
-Left ventricle: receives oxygen rich blood and pumps blood into the aorta (largest
artery) for distribution to the entire body.
-Arteries Away
Types of arteries - ANSWER>>>>>Carotid artery: in the neck
Femoral: in the thigh between the abdomen and the groin
Brachial: Medial of the Upper arm
Radial: Found on the thumb side of the wrist
Posterior tibial: Palpated on the posterior aspect of the medial maleolus
Dorsalis pedis: On top of the foot lateral to the large tendon of the big toe
Hypoperfusion (Shock) - ANSWER>>>>>Inability of the body to adequately circulate
blood to the body's cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients.
-Life threatening
,-Also called Shock
Tidal Volume
Minute Volume - ANSWER>>>>>Tidal: Volume of air moved in one cycle of
breathing
Minute: Amount of air breathed in during respiration multiplied by the number of
breaths per minute
Chemoreceptors - ANSWER>>>>>Chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels
that identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Stroke Volume
Cardiac Output - ANSWER>>>>>Stroke: the amount of blood ejected from the heart
in one contraction
Cardiac Output: The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute (Heart
rate x stroke volume)
Different Types of Shock - ANSWER>>>>>Hypovolemic: Low blood volume
-From cardiovascular system blood loss or dehydration
Distributive: Blood vessel tone is lost
-Anaphylaxis or sepsis and cause lower pressure, Hypoperfusion is the result
Cardiogenic: Heart fails in its ability to pump blood. MI or trauma can lead to a
dysrhtthmia or a mechanical problem such as damage to the heart.
Hypoperfusion occurs
Obstructive: Tension pneumothorax or pulmonary embolism
Hypoperfusion occurs
Signs of shock - ANSWER>>>>>-Slight mental status changes including anxiety and
feeling of impending doom
-Increased heart rate
-Increased respiratory rate
-Delayed caplarry refill time
-PALE skin that is COOL and MOIST to touch (Diaphoresis)
-Sweating
However, cardiogenic shock may not allow the heart rate to increase and septic
shock may not allow blood vessels to constrict.
Compensating for Shock - ANSWER>>>>>Decompensated shoc (Hypotensive shock):
Compensatory mechanisms were not successful
, -Decreased BP
-Altered MS
-If not rapidly reversed it will lead to irreversible shock and organs begin to die
LIFESPAN - ANSWER>>>>>Infancy (Birth to 1 year)
-Nose breather
-Diaphram breather
-HR 140-160
-RR 40-60 drops to 30-40 after birth
-S BP 70 to 90 at 1 year
Toddler (12-36 months)
-HR 80-130
-RR 20-30
-S BP 70-100
Preschool (3-5)
-HR 80-120
-RR 20-30
-S BP 80-110 mmhg
School age (6-12)
-HR 70-110
-RR 20-30
-S BP 80-120mmg
Adolescence (13-18)
-HR 55-105
-RR 12-20
-S BP 80-120mmhg
Early Adulthood (19-40)
-HR 70
-RR 16-20
-BP 120/80mmhg
Middle Adulthood (41-60)
Same stats
High cholesterol
Late Adulthood (61-...)
Head tilt chin lift - ANSWER>>>>>No trauma suspected
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS[FOR A+
GRADES]
[FOR ANY OTHER EXAM OR ASSIGNMENT EMAIL @MACHARIALWS]
The 3 R's - ANSWER>>>>>Retreat, Radio, Reevaluate
What position do you place an unresponsive patient in? - ANSWER>>>>>Recover
position: On the side to aid drainage and prevent breathing blockage from vomitus.
Positions for patients with no suspected spine injury - ANSWER>>>>>If no suspected
spine injuries transport the patient in a position of comfort.
Breathing is easier in a semi-sitting position or fowler or semi fowler.
Position for shock - ANSWER>>>>>Placed in supine position allowing for maximu
blood flow throughout body with minimal resistance from gravity.
Types of consent - ANSWER>>>>>Expressed: Consent given by adults and mentally
competent
Implied: Consent presumed by patient or patients parent/gaurdian would give if
they could, such as for an unconscious patient or a parent who cannot be
contacted.
In loco parentis: In place of a parent, a person who may give consent for a care of a
child when the parents are not present or able to give consent
Assault / Battery - ANSWER>>>>>Assault: Placing a person in fear of bodily harm
Battery: Causing bodily harm to or restraining a person
Res Ipsa Loquitr - ANSWER>>>>>"The thing speaks for itself"
HIPAA - ANSWER>>>>>The health insurance portability and accountability act,
which includes the privacy rule protecting the privacy of patient specific health care
information and providing the patient with control over how this information is
used and distributed.
Anatomic Position and terms - ANSWER>>>>>-A person standing, facing forward,
with palms forward
-proximal: closer to the torso
-distal: farther away from the torso
-Medial: towards the midline
-lateral: to the side away from the midline
,-bilateral: both sides
-Anterior: the front of the body or body part
-Posterior: the back of the body or part
-Superior: toward the head
-Inferior: away from the head
Musculoskeletal system - ANSWER>>>>>Bones and skeletal muscles that support
and protect the body
-Muscle: tissues that can contract to allow movement of a body part
-Ligament: Tissues that connects bone to bone
-Tendon: tissue that connect muscle to bone.
The divisions of the spine - ANSWER>>>>>Cervical 1-7
Thoracic 1-12
Lumbar 1-5
Sacrum 5
Coccyx 4
33 total
Anatomy of the Heart - ANSWER>>>>>Has 4 chambers: two upper chambers called
atria and two lower called ventricles
-Right atrium: The venae cavae or superior and inferior vena cava are two large
veins that return blood to the heart. Recevies blood and sends it to the right
ventricle
- Right ventricle: Receives blood from right atrium and pumps blood to the lungss
via pulmonary arteries. Low oxygen and has waste carbon dioxide. While in lungs
carbon dioxide is excreted and oxygen is obtained. Oxygen rich blood is returned to
the left atrium via pumonary veins.
-Left Atrium: recevies oxygen rich blood and sends to the let ventricle.
-Left ventricle: receives oxygen rich blood and pumps blood into the aorta (largest
artery) for distribution to the entire body.
-Arteries Away
Types of arteries - ANSWER>>>>>Carotid artery: in the neck
Femoral: in the thigh between the abdomen and the groin
Brachial: Medial of the Upper arm
Radial: Found on the thumb side of the wrist
Posterior tibial: Palpated on the posterior aspect of the medial maleolus
Dorsalis pedis: On top of the foot lateral to the large tendon of the big toe
Hypoperfusion (Shock) - ANSWER>>>>>Inability of the body to adequately circulate
blood to the body's cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients.
-Life threatening
,-Also called Shock
Tidal Volume
Minute Volume - ANSWER>>>>>Tidal: Volume of air moved in one cycle of
breathing
Minute: Amount of air breathed in during respiration multiplied by the number of
breaths per minute
Chemoreceptors - ANSWER>>>>>Chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels
that identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Stroke Volume
Cardiac Output - ANSWER>>>>>Stroke: the amount of blood ejected from the heart
in one contraction
Cardiac Output: The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute (Heart
rate x stroke volume)
Different Types of Shock - ANSWER>>>>>Hypovolemic: Low blood volume
-From cardiovascular system blood loss or dehydration
Distributive: Blood vessel tone is lost
-Anaphylaxis or sepsis and cause lower pressure, Hypoperfusion is the result
Cardiogenic: Heart fails in its ability to pump blood. MI or trauma can lead to a
dysrhtthmia or a mechanical problem such as damage to the heart.
Hypoperfusion occurs
Obstructive: Tension pneumothorax or pulmonary embolism
Hypoperfusion occurs
Signs of shock - ANSWER>>>>>-Slight mental status changes including anxiety and
feeling of impending doom
-Increased heart rate
-Increased respiratory rate
-Delayed caplarry refill time
-PALE skin that is COOL and MOIST to touch (Diaphoresis)
-Sweating
However, cardiogenic shock may not allow the heart rate to increase and septic
shock may not allow blood vessels to constrict.
Compensating for Shock - ANSWER>>>>>Decompensated shoc (Hypotensive shock):
Compensatory mechanisms were not successful
, -Decreased BP
-Altered MS
-If not rapidly reversed it will lead to irreversible shock and organs begin to die
LIFESPAN - ANSWER>>>>>Infancy (Birth to 1 year)
-Nose breather
-Diaphram breather
-HR 140-160
-RR 40-60 drops to 30-40 after birth
-S BP 70 to 90 at 1 year
Toddler (12-36 months)
-HR 80-130
-RR 20-30
-S BP 70-100
Preschool (3-5)
-HR 80-120
-RR 20-30
-S BP 80-110 mmhg
School age (6-12)
-HR 70-110
-RR 20-30
-S BP 80-120mmg
Adolescence (13-18)
-HR 55-105
-RR 12-20
-S BP 80-120mmhg
Early Adulthood (19-40)
-HR 70
-RR 16-20
-BP 120/80mmhg
Middle Adulthood (41-60)
Same stats
High cholesterol
Late Adulthood (61-...)
Head tilt chin lift - ANSWER>>>>>No trauma suspected
