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samenvatting culturele antropologie

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volledige smv culturele antropologie adhv les notities en pwp incl. prenten /schemas vanuit de les

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SAMENVATTING CULTURELE ANTROPOLOGIE

DEEL 1

Aanpassing: “mens als dier”
= actormaterialisme

DEEL 2

Creativiteit: “mens als programma”
= structuuridealisme

DEEL 3

Leefwereld: “mens als subject”
= actoridealisme

DEEL 4

Machtsstructuur: “mens als groepslid”
= structuurmaterialisme




Naam in pwp moet je kennen , andere in cursus niet

Examenstof: de colleges (nota’s en ppt). Handboek = verplicht als achtergrond. Voor elke les een hoofdstuk.

Examenvorm: schriftelijk -> MC met inzichtsvragen + open vraag



Werkstuk:

- 20% van eindcijfer, je moet niet slagen voor het werkstuk om te kunnen slagen voor het vak
- Enkel te maken tijdens werkcollege van 27 maart, van 9u tot 11u30 in dit auditorium
- Voorbereiding: les over Clifford Geertz (deel 3.1) + artikel ‘Deep Play’ lezen
- Breng schrijfgerief (pen, potlood, gom en scherper) mee. Je laptop, handboek of geprinte slides heb je
niet nodig en breng je dus niet mee.



1

,TABLE OF CONTENTS
Deel 1 ............................................................................................................................................................. 1
Deel 2 ............................................................................................................................................................. 1
Deel 3 ............................................................................................................................................................. 1
Deel 4 ............................................................................................................................................................. 1

INLEIDING (LES 1) ............................................................................................................... 7
Toepassingen van culturele antropologie ................................................................................... 7
Wat is antropologie? Waarom cultuur? ...................................................................................... 9
Onderzoeksdomeinen in de culturele antropologie ...................................................................................... 9
wat is antropologie? ...................................................................................................................................... 9
Bestaansreden voor antropologie? ............................................................................................................. 10
Waarom ‘culturele’ antropologie?............................................................................................................... 10
‘Een cultuur’ is het cultureel systeem van een samenleving ....................................................................... 11

Dimensies van antropologie ......................................................................................................11
Antropologische benaderingen van cultuur (4) ..........................................................................13
Etc… (niet een perspectief wit) .................................................................................................................... 14
Vergelijk met universele types van verhalen / types van justitie ............................................................... 14

Definitie van cultuur ..................................................................................................................15
Derde dimensie van antropologie?.............................................................................................................. 18

Velden van antropologie ...........................................................................................................18

Hoofdstuk 1: cultuurmaterialisme en geschiedenis (les 2) ................................................ 21
1; Materiële verklaring van culturele verschillen .......................................................................21
Cultuur materialisme: case 1: ...................................................................................................................... 21
Cultuurmaterialisme: Case 2 ........................................................................................................................ 22
Cultuurmaterialisme: Case 3 ........................................................................................................................ 23
Cultuurmaterialisme: Jared Diamond .......................................................................................................... 23

2; Actor-materialisme (Barth) ....................................................................................................24
Speltheorie en agency ................................................................................................................................. 24

3; Marvin Harris en drie causale structuren ...............................................................................27
- Evolutie van 5 eco-politieke systemen .....................................................................................27
- De neolithicum kwestie ...........................................................................................................27
Toepassing: evolutie van eco-politieke systemen ....................................................................................... 27

4; Materiële of cognitieve verklaring? Case: voedseltaboe’s ......................................................32
Verbod op varkensvlees (Koran en boek Leviticus bij Hebreeërs) ............................................................... 32
Voedseltaboe op rundvlees in hindoeïsme: ................................................................................................ 33

5; Kritiek op cultuurmaterialisme: ‘De voorspoedige horde’ en leefwereld ...............................34
Algemene kritiek op cultuurmaterialisme (Deel 1) ...................................................................................... 34

6; tgn CE: Cultuurmaterialisme is tegengif voor cultuuressentialisme ........................................39
CM behoedt voor cultuuressentialisme....................................................................................................... 39

1; Nature & nurture (Aangeboren v aangeleerde) ............................................................ 42


2

,II. Evolutie van cultuur: materialisme vs idealisme ........................................................... 45
Cultuur volgens structuralisme (geel) ........................................................................................45
Evolutie van cultuur: materialisme vs idealisme ........................................................................45
Structuralisme: “mens als programma” .....................................................................................45

3; Voorlopers van het structuralisme................................................................................ 46
IIIA. Lévy-Bruhl 1920: ‘prelogisch’ abstract (bv Kiwai, Melanesië) ..............................................46
IIIb. Sapir-Whorf these: andere taal => ander denken ................................................................47
Kritiek op Sapir-Whorf these ....................................................................................................................... 48

IIIc. Van Ferdinand de Saussure (taal) naar Lévi-Strauss (cultuur) ..............................................48
IIId. Betekenis van Ba-ila nederzetting .......................................................................................49

IV. Structuralisme van Lévi-Strauss .................................................................................. 50
Waarom verwantschapssystemen universeel? ..........................................................................50
Kariera: 4 verwantschapstermen voor twee moieties ................................................................................. 50

Cultuur = structuur aanbrengen, opposities maken en oplossen ................................................53
Canonieke relatie (1955-85).......................................................................................................53
Voorbeeld: transformatie van ritueel .......................................................................................................... 54

V. Kritiek op Lévi-Strauss .................................................................................................. 56
VI. Actualiteit van structuralisme ..................................................................................... 58
I. Cultuur en persoonlijkheid school .............................................................................. 60
Margaret Mead .........................................................................................................................60
PNG Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies, 1933: cultuurverschillen.................................... 60
Samoa vrouwelijkheid: malu ....................................................................................................................... 60
Coming of age in Samoa (1928): nieuwe editie na WOII, met politieke feministische boodschap ............. 61

Benedict ....................................................................................................................................63
The chrysanthemum and the sword (1946)................................................................................................. 63

2. Interpretatieve antropologie ........................................................................................ 66
Clifford Geertz ...........................................................................................................................66
Deep play (1973): Notes on the Balinese cockfight ..................................................................................... 66

3: postkoloniale studies ................................................................................................... 68
Agency en structuur ..................................................................................................................69
Subaltern studies.......................................................................................................................70

4. Culturen en emoties ..................................................................................................... 70
Psychologische/ medische antro, Transculturele psychiatrie .....................................................70
Vertaling en classificatie van emoties ........................................................................................70

5. Ervaringskaders ........................................................................................................... 73


3

, Ultieme probleemstelling: het cultureel verschil........................................................................73
Antwoord: Bateson cybernetica ................................................................................................74
Voorbeeld: treincoupé...............................................................................................................75
Toepassing op migratie: een interculturele relatie .....................................................................75
Toepassing op ontwikkelingssamenwerking ..............................................................................76

6. Cultuurdebat (de moord op Cook) ................................................................................ 77
Cultuurrelativisme .....................................................................................................................77
Het debat: ‘andere’ cultuur? ......................................................................................................77
Capt Cook volgens Sahlins ........................................................................................................................... 78
Cook volgens Obeyesekere .......................................................................................................................... 79
Sahlins’ repliek ............................................................................................................................................. 80
Spanningsvelden .......................................................................................................................................... 81
Reflexief vs. etnocentrisch ........................................................................................................................... 81

I. Identiteit en conflict ...................................................................................................... 82
I. Identiteit ................................................................................................................................82
4 visies op nationale/ etnische identiteit (Th Eriksen) ................................................................................. 83
Visies op identiteit = welke cultuurbenaderingen? ..................................................................................... 84

II. Imagined communities (Benedict Anderson, 1983) ..........................................................84
Identiteit en etnisch conflict: 3 gevalsstudies (Eriksen 2010) ......................................................84

II: Macht, globalisering en de gift..................................................................................... 86
1. De gift en universaliteit: de Kula ............................................................................................86
a) Kula circuit ............................................................................................................................................... 87
b) Relatiewaarde (offer) in gift .................................................................................................................... 88
De logica (a+b) van de gift ........................................................................................................................... 89
Kula: recente ontwikkelingen ...................................................................................................................... 89

2. Tiv uitwisselingssferen ...........................................................................................................90
Tiv uitwisselingssferen (Centraal Nigeria en N-Ghana)................................................................................ 90
Historische rol van kolonisator als cultural engineer ................................................................................... 91

3. Productiewijzen: mondiaal kapitalisme .................................................................................92
Na dekolonisatie: globalisering .................................................................................................................... 92
Antwoord van neo-marxisme* .................................................................................................................... 93
Illusie van intrinsieke uitwisselingswaarde .................................................................................................. 94

4. Status, identiteit, uitsluiting ..................................................................................................94
Uitsluiting door sturing lidmaatschap van giftsysteem ............................................................................... 94
Uitsluiting en sociale status ......................................................................................................................... 95

5. Het Westers giftsysteem ........................................................................................................96
Gregory: gift & commodity .......................................................................................................................... 97

6. Macht, structuur en conflict ................................................................................................. 100
Structureel-functionalisme (deel 4 maar ook deel 2) ................................................................................ 100



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