NREMT Airway Management and Ventilation exam study guide latest verified A+

NREMT Airway Management and Ventilat kid kid kid kid




ion exam study guide latest verified A+
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Airway management and ventilation are... -
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kid FIRST and MOST critical steps in assessment of every patient you encounter.
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Lower airway anatomy - trachea (C-shaped rings)
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bronchi (main stems) kid kid




bronchioles (bronchiole rings)-have unique property: stimulated by drugs
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alveoli (perfusion takes place)-surfactant keeps them open
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lung parenchyma
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pleura (parietal and visceral)
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Upper airway anatomy - nose
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nasal cavity
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para-nasal sinus kid




nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
larynx
Pediatric airway is different because... - smaller jaw
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larger tongue kid




cricoid cartilage is narrowest part of airway
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epiglottis is rounder and floppier
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respiration is... - kid kid




kid the exchange of gases between organisms and it's environment
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,ventilation is.... - kid kid




kid the mechanical process of moving air IN and OUT of the lungs
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Pulmonary Circulation is... - the perfusion of O2 and CO2
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Diffusion... - kid




kid movement of gas from an area of HIGHER CONCENTRATION to area of low
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er concentration
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Diffusion transfers gases between??? - LUNGS and BLOOD
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and
BLOOD and PERIPHERAL TISSUES
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Normal arterial pressures - oxygen(PaO2)=100 torr
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Carbon dioxide(PaCO2)=35-45 avg.=40
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SPO2 and ETCO2 - SPO2=94-100
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ETCO2=40
Factors affecting O2 concentration in Blood... -
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kid decreased hemoglobin concentration kid kid




inadequate alveolar ventilation kid kid




decreased diffusion across pulmonary membrane, when diffusion distance inc
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reases, or pulmonary membrane changes
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Ventilation/perfusion mismatch occurs when portion of alveoli collapses kid kid kid kid kid kid kid




Factors affecting CO2 concentrations in Blood... -
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kid Lowers CO2 levels are due to increased respiratory rates or deeper respirati
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on or hyperventilation
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and
Higher CO2 levels are caused by: fever, muscle exertion, shivering, or metab
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olic processes resulting in the formation of metabolic acids
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, So, a pt. w/ a PaCO2 of 30 will be... -
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kid ALKALOTIC thus decreasing respiratory rate...
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Respiratory Rate - is INVOLUNTARY however can be VOLUNTARILY controlled.
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chemical and physical mechanisms provide involuntary impulses to correct br
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eathing irregularities kid




chemoreceptors are located in... - carotid bodies kid kid kid kid kid kid




arch of the aorta
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and medulla
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baroreceptors in carotid artery - regulate BP kid kid kid kid kid kid




stimulated by decreased PaCO2, increased PaCO2, and decreased PH
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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)pH - primary control of respiratory center
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main respiratory center - medulla
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(neurons in medulla initiate impulses that produce respiration)
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apneustic center - kid kid




kid assumes respiratory control if the medulla fails to initiate impluse
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pneumotaxic center - controls respiration kid kid kid kid




Stretch receptors (HERING BREUER REFLEX) -
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kid prevents over expansion of the lungs
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Normal respiratory rates: - adults: 12-20
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pedi: 18-24 kid




infant: 40-60 kid




airway obstruction caused by: - foreign bodies
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trauma
laryngeal spasm kid




edema