Environmental Science Chapters
1-4
Environment - ANS-all the living and nonliving things around us with which we
interact
Environmental Science - ANS-the study of how the natural whorl works, how our
environment affects us, and how we affect our environment
Natural Resources - ANS-the various substances and energy sources we need to
survive
Renewable Natural Resources - ANS-natural resources that are replenished over
short periods
Examples of Renewable Natural Resources - ANS-sunlight, wind, and wave energy
are perpetually available
time, water, and soil renew themselves over time
Nonrenewable Natural Resources - ANS-resources that form much more slowly
than we use them
Examples of Nonrenewable Resources - ANS-mineral ores and crude oil
Agricultural Revolution - ANS-our transition from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to an
agricultural way of life
**people began to live longer and produce more children
Industrial Revolution - ANS-shift from rural life, animal-powered agriculture, and
manufacturing by craftsmen to an urban society powered by fossil fuels
**improvements in sanitation and medical technology, and enhanced agricultural
production with fossil-fuel-powered equipment and synthetic pesticides and
fertilizers
,Fossil Fuels - ANS-nonrenewable energy sources
Examples of Fossil Fuels - ANS-oil, coal, natural gas
Thomas Malthus - ANS-1766-1844:british economists that claimed that unless
population growth were controlled by laws or other social strictures, the number
of people would outgrow that available food supply until starvation, war, or
disease arose and reduced the population
Thomas Malthus - ANS-wrote "an essay on the principle of population" in 1798
that argued if limits on birth were not implemented that deaths would increase
through famine, plague, and war
Paul and Anne Ahrlich - ANS-have been called "neo-malthusians" because they
warned that the population was growing faster than our ability to produce and
distribute food
Paul Ahrlich - ANS-1968: wrote book called "the population bomb" and predicted
that rapid population growth would unleash famine and conflict that would
consume civilization by the end of the 20th century
Garrett Hardin - ANS-wrote essay called "the tragedy of the commons" and
argued that each person that grazes animals will be motivated to increase the
number of his or her animals in the pasture, and will eventually cause the
pasture's food production to collapse
Ecological Footprint - ANS-expresses the environmental impact of an individual or
population in terms of the cumulative amount of biologically productive land and
water required to provide the raw materials the person or population consumes
and to dispose of or recycle the waste the person or population produces
**measures the total area of Earth's surface that a given person or population
"uses" once all direct and indirect impacts are totaled up
, Applications of Environmental Science - ANS-solutions that environmental
scientists are motivated to find such as new technologies, policy decisions, or
resource management strategies
Interdisciplinary Field - ANS-one that borrows techniques from numerous
disciplines and brings research results from these results from these disciplines
together in a broad synthesis
Example of Interdisciplinary Field - ANS-environmental science
Natural Sciences - ANS-disciplines that study the natural world
Social Sciences - ANS-disciplines that study human interactions and institutions
Examples of Natural and Social Science - ANS-environmental science
Environmental Studies - ANS-programs that focus on the social science
Environmentalism - ANS-a social movement dedicated to protecting the natural
world and people from undesirable changes brought about by human actions
Science - ANS-a systematic process for learning about the world and testing our
understanding of it
Observational Science/Descriptive Science - ANS-types of research in which
scientists gather basic information about organisms, materials, systems, or
processes that are not well known or that cannot be manipulated in experiments
Hypothesis-driven Science - ANS-research that proceeds in a more structured
manner, using experiments to test hypotheses within a framework traditionally
known as the scientific method
Scientific Method - ANS-a technique for testing ideas with observations
1-4
Environment - ANS-all the living and nonliving things around us with which we
interact
Environmental Science - ANS-the study of how the natural whorl works, how our
environment affects us, and how we affect our environment
Natural Resources - ANS-the various substances and energy sources we need to
survive
Renewable Natural Resources - ANS-natural resources that are replenished over
short periods
Examples of Renewable Natural Resources - ANS-sunlight, wind, and wave energy
are perpetually available
time, water, and soil renew themselves over time
Nonrenewable Natural Resources - ANS-resources that form much more slowly
than we use them
Examples of Nonrenewable Resources - ANS-mineral ores and crude oil
Agricultural Revolution - ANS-our transition from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to an
agricultural way of life
**people began to live longer and produce more children
Industrial Revolution - ANS-shift from rural life, animal-powered agriculture, and
manufacturing by craftsmen to an urban society powered by fossil fuels
**improvements in sanitation and medical technology, and enhanced agricultural
production with fossil-fuel-powered equipment and synthetic pesticides and
fertilizers
,Fossil Fuels - ANS-nonrenewable energy sources
Examples of Fossil Fuels - ANS-oil, coal, natural gas
Thomas Malthus - ANS-1766-1844:british economists that claimed that unless
population growth were controlled by laws or other social strictures, the number
of people would outgrow that available food supply until starvation, war, or
disease arose and reduced the population
Thomas Malthus - ANS-wrote "an essay on the principle of population" in 1798
that argued if limits on birth were not implemented that deaths would increase
through famine, plague, and war
Paul and Anne Ahrlich - ANS-have been called "neo-malthusians" because they
warned that the population was growing faster than our ability to produce and
distribute food
Paul Ahrlich - ANS-1968: wrote book called "the population bomb" and predicted
that rapid population growth would unleash famine and conflict that would
consume civilization by the end of the 20th century
Garrett Hardin - ANS-wrote essay called "the tragedy of the commons" and
argued that each person that grazes animals will be motivated to increase the
number of his or her animals in the pasture, and will eventually cause the
pasture's food production to collapse
Ecological Footprint - ANS-expresses the environmental impact of an individual or
population in terms of the cumulative amount of biologically productive land and
water required to provide the raw materials the person or population consumes
and to dispose of or recycle the waste the person or population produces
**measures the total area of Earth's surface that a given person or population
"uses" once all direct and indirect impacts are totaled up
, Applications of Environmental Science - ANS-solutions that environmental
scientists are motivated to find such as new technologies, policy decisions, or
resource management strategies
Interdisciplinary Field - ANS-one that borrows techniques from numerous
disciplines and brings research results from these results from these disciplines
together in a broad synthesis
Example of Interdisciplinary Field - ANS-environmental science
Natural Sciences - ANS-disciplines that study the natural world
Social Sciences - ANS-disciplines that study human interactions and institutions
Examples of Natural and Social Science - ANS-environmental science
Environmental Studies - ANS-programs that focus on the social science
Environmentalism - ANS-a social movement dedicated to protecting the natural
world and people from undesirable changes brought about by human actions
Science - ANS-a systematic process for learning about the world and testing our
understanding of it
Observational Science/Descriptive Science - ANS-types of research in which
scientists gather basic information about organisms, materials, systems, or
processes that are not well known or that cannot be manipulated in experiments
Hypothesis-driven Science - ANS-research that proceeds in a more structured
manner, using experiments to test hypotheses within a framework traditionally
known as the scientific method
Scientific Method - ANS-a technique for testing ideas with observations
