EDF 6222 Midterm Guided Notes Exam With Complete Solutions
"__________ is more than the mere description of events as they occur. It is an attempt to
discover order, to show that certain events stand in _________ to other events (Skinner,
1953, p.6)." - Anuvad Science; lawful relations
Being scientifically skeptical means that until there is ____________ available,
assumptions should not be made. - Answer evidence
As behavior analysts, to be a good steward of science we can follow a few guidelines in
terms of gathering and evaluating evidence includes reducing __________ by insuring
inter observer agreement, examining for actual ___________ (not effects that could have
given rise to change without the intervention), ___________, and self-correction. - Answer
observer bias; experimental control; replication
With ___________, we look for the simplest explanation possible, not extensive mentalistic
explanations. - Answer parsimony
"Behaviourism is not the science of human behaviour; it is the ___________ of that
science" (Skinner, 1974. p.3). - Answer philosophy
Structuralism relied on __________, which looked inward to describe sensations, images,
and feelings. - Answer introspection
_____________ behaviorism might be thought of as a psychological version of logical
positivism or operationism. - Answer Methodological
Although many methodological behaviorists do accept that there are mental states, they
have ruled them completely out of consideration. This is nothing new and once went
under the name of ____________. - Answer psychophysical parallelism
, In Pavlov's early research, he did not leap to conclusions to suggest that the dog was
"thinking" of food and therefore salivating. Rather, he controlled conditions carefully
that allowed him to demonstrate that particular stimuli can "acquire" the ability to elicit
secretion. His careful analysis of the scientific method allowed him to avoid both
__________ and _________ fictions. - Answer mentalistic; explanatory
The evolutionary explanation for reflexes indicates that they are for the survival of the
organism. However we know all too well that sometimes responses can be conditioned
that serve no purpose - even add a ____________ purpose - to our complex lives. - Answer
debilitating
Skinner (1953) told us "Although the process of [conditioning] greatly extends the scope
of the eliciting stimulus, it does not bring all the behavior of the organism within such
___________ "(p. 56). Conditioning can add numerous different eliciting stimuli, but it will
never fashion a _________ response. - Answer stimulus control; novel
According to Skinner, contingencies of reinforcement have an edge over contingencies
of survival because contingencies of reinforcement "Have the edge with __________ and
________ and the conditions under which a species acquires behavior are relatively
___________ and can often be manipulated". - Anwer prediction; control; accessible
___________ is the learned behaviors of a particular animal during its lifetime. - Anwer
Ontongeny
_____________ are those behaviors that have accumulated over the lifetime of the
species. - Answer Phylogeny
It is sometimes difficult to tease apart ontogenetic from phylogenic determined
behaviors. To a naive observer some complex _____________ may seem almost magical.
But each component in the chain can be traced back to the conditioning process. Just
because the shaping process was not observed is no reason to suppose it was not
_______. However, when we view a spider spin a web "no comparable history can be
invoked" to determine the phylogenic contingencies at work (Skinner, 1966, p.1208). -
Answer behavior chain; learned
"__________ is more than the mere description of events as they occur. It is an attempt to
discover order, to show that certain events stand in _________ to other events (Skinner,
1953, p.6)." - Anuvad Science; lawful relations
Being scientifically skeptical means that until there is ____________ available,
assumptions should not be made. - Answer evidence
As behavior analysts, to be a good steward of science we can follow a few guidelines in
terms of gathering and evaluating evidence includes reducing __________ by insuring
inter observer agreement, examining for actual ___________ (not effects that could have
given rise to change without the intervention), ___________, and self-correction. - Answer
observer bias; experimental control; replication
With ___________, we look for the simplest explanation possible, not extensive mentalistic
explanations. - Answer parsimony
"Behaviourism is not the science of human behaviour; it is the ___________ of that
science" (Skinner, 1974. p.3). - Answer philosophy
Structuralism relied on __________, which looked inward to describe sensations, images,
and feelings. - Answer introspection
_____________ behaviorism might be thought of as a psychological version of logical
positivism or operationism. - Answer Methodological
Although many methodological behaviorists do accept that there are mental states, they
have ruled them completely out of consideration. This is nothing new and once went
under the name of ____________. - Answer psychophysical parallelism
, In Pavlov's early research, he did not leap to conclusions to suggest that the dog was
"thinking" of food and therefore salivating. Rather, he controlled conditions carefully
that allowed him to demonstrate that particular stimuli can "acquire" the ability to elicit
secretion. His careful analysis of the scientific method allowed him to avoid both
__________ and _________ fictions. - Answer mentalistic; explanatory
The evolutionary explanation for reflexes indicates that they are for the survival of the
organism. However we know all too well that sometimes responses can be conditioned
that serve no purpose - even add a ____________ purpose - to our complex lives. - Answer
debilitating
Skinner (1953) told us "Although the process of [conditioning] greatly extends the scope
of the eliciting stimulus, it does not bring all the behavior of the organism within such
___________ "(p. 56). Conditioning can add numerous different eliciting stimuli, but it will
never fashion a _________ response. - Answer stimulus control; novel
According to Skinner, contingencies of reinforcement have an edge over contingencies
of survival because contingencies of reinforcement "Have the edge with __________ and
________ and the conditions under which a species acquires behavior are relatively
___________ and can often be manipulated". - Anwer prediction; control; accessible
___________ is the learned behaviors of a particular animal during its lifetime. - Anwer
Ontongeny
_____________ are those behaviors that have accumulated over the lifetime of the
species. - Answer Phylogeny
It is sometimes difficult to tease apart ontogenetic from phylogenic determined
behaviors. To a naive observer some complex _____________ may seem almost magical.
But each component in the chain can be traced back to the conditioning process. Just
because the shaping process was not observed is no reason to suppose it was not
_______. However, when we view a spider spin a web "no comparable history can be
invoked" to determine the phylogenic contingencies at work (Skinner, 1966, p.1208). -
Answer behavior chain; learned
