Lesson 162: Protists and Fungi Key Terms Biology with Lab
Kingdom Protista
Endosymbiont Theory: theory that explains the origins of some eukaryotic
organelles (mitochondria, chloroplasts) as the result of a symbiosis between a
free-living prokaryote and a primitive eukaryotic cell
Animal-like protists (Protozoa): mostly unicellular and motile heterotrophs
that are obligate aquatic organisms (require water)
Pseudopodia: temporary projections of the cell membrane and cytoplasm that
extend and retract to allow for movement and food ingestion in Amoeboid cells
(example: Amoeba)
Amoeboid movement: type of movement in some Protozoa resulting from
the use of pseudopodia
Cilia: packed rows of short, hair-like structures extending from the cell
membrane that assist in movement example: Paramecium)
Flagella: long, hair-like structure that extends from the cell membrane,
assisting in movement; more than one may be present (example: Euglena)
Sporozoan: protozoan that is not motile (stationary)
Pellicle: protective coating outside the cell membrane present in some
Protozoa (example: Euglena)
Contractile vacuole: an organelle in some Protozoa that expands and contracts
to regulate water balance with the environment
Eyespot (stigma): an organelle in some protists that has photoreceptors,
allowing the organism to detect light direction and intensity (example:
Chlamydomonas or Euglena)
Plant-like protists (algae): photoautotrophs without roots, stems, or leaves;
may be unicellular, multicellular, or colonial; obligate aquatic organisms
Phytoplankton: microscopic photosynthetic organisms that float near the
surface of the water and serve as the basis for food in aquatic food chains
Red tide: a type of algal bloom (population explosion) of phytoplankton
(usually Dinoflagellates) that turns the water brown or red; they are generally
harmful to the ecosystem and can result in toxins released and low oxygen in
the water
Kingdom Protista
Endosymbiont Theory: theory that explains the origins of some eukaryotic
organelles (mitochondria, chloroplasts) as the result of a symbiosis between a
free-living prokaryote and a primitive eukaryotic cell
Animal-like protists (Protozoa): mostly unicellular and motile heterotrophs
that are obligate aquatic organisms (require water)
Pseudopodia: temporary projections of the cell membrane and cytoplasm that
extend and retract to allow for movement and food ingestion in Amoeboid cells
(example: Amoeba)
Amoeboid movement: type of movement in some Protozoa resulting from
the use of pseudopodia
Cilia: packed rows of short, hair-like structures extending from the cell
membrane that assist in movement example: Paramecium)
Flagella: long, hair-like structure that extends from the cell membrane,
assisting in movement; more than one may be present (example: Euglena)
Sporozoan: protozoan that is not motile (stationary)
Pellicle: protective coating outside the cell membrane present in some
Protozoa (example: Euglena)
Contractile vacuole: an organelle in some Protozoa that expands and contracts
to regulate water balance with the environment
Eyespot (stigma): an organelle in some protists that has photoreceptors,
allowing the organism to detect light direction and intensity (example:
Chlamydomonas or Euglena)
Plant-like protists (algae): photoautotrophs without roots, stems, or leaves;
may be unicellular, multicellular, or colonial; obligate aquatic organisms
Phytoplankton: microscopic photosynthetic organisms that float near the
surface of the water and serve as the basis for food in aquatic food chains
Red tide: a type of algal bloom (population explosion) of phytoplankton
(usually Dinoflagellates) that turns the water brown or red; they are generally
harmful to the ecosystem and can result in toxins released and low oxygen in
the water
