NURS 125: FINAL EXAM
- neutralize and destroy invading agents
- limits spread of harmful agents to other tissue
- prepares damaged tissue for repair - ANS what are the 3 purposes of inflammation?
pain, heat, redness, swelling, loss of function - ANS what are the 5 cardinal signs of
inflammation in order?
vasodilation - ANS what causes heat in inflammation?
increased permeability - ANS what causes redness in inflammation?
neutrophil emigration - ANS what cause swelling in inflammation?
False; inflammation is usually self-limiting and non-pharmacologic approaches are best - ANS T
or F: inflammation usually requires pharmacologic approaches and can lead to severe clinical
manifestations
NSAIDs - ANS what drugs are best used to reduce inflammation and relieve pain?
inhibit synthesis of COX-1 and COX-2, reducing prostaglandin synthesis - ANS what is the MoA
for ibuprofen?
epidemiology - ANS "study of patterns of disease occurrence"
morbidity - ANS "the effects and long-term consequences an illness has on a person's life."
prevalence - ANS "a measure of an existing disease in a population at a given point in time"
mortality - ANS "causes of death in a given population"
atrophy - ANS "decrease in cell size"
hyperplasia - ANS "increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue capable of mitotic
division, such as the epidermis, intestinal epithelium, and glandular tissue."
hypertrophy - ANS "increase in individual cell size and increase in the amount of functioning
tissue mass."
metaplasia - ANS "reversible change in which one adult cell type (epithelial or mesenchymal) is
replaced by another adult cell type"
,dysplasia - ANS "deranged cell growth of a specific tissue, results in cells that vary in size,
shape, and organization"
hyperplasia - ANS what type of cellular adaption occurs in response to an appropriate stimulus
and ceases after the stimulus has been removed
metaplasia - ANS what type of cellular adaption is chronic gastric irritation with lower
esophageal cells transforming into columnar epithelium
true - ANS T or F: in stem cells, one daughter cell retains the stem cell characteristics, and the
other daughter cell becomes a progenitor cell that proceeds through to terminal differentiation
new growth - ANS what does neoplasia mean?
saliclytes (ASA), COX-2 antagonists, ibuprofen - ANS what are the 3 classes of NSAID's?
IV - ANS What method of administration allows a drug to bypass absorption?
absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion - ANS what does ADME stand for?
excretion - ANS how a drug is removed from the body is referred to as what?
IV - ANS what is the quickest route of administration for a drug?
absorption - ANS how a drug reaches circulation is referred to as what?
distribution - ANS how a drug reaches the target tissue?
metabolism - ANS how a drug is altered by the body is referred to as what?
prostaglandins - ANS COX is an enzyme necessary for the production of _______ which is
known to stimulate inflammation
maintains the lining of the stomach protecting the structures from gastric juice - ANS what is the
function of COX-1?
IgE antibodies - ANS what is type I hypersensitivity mediated by?
hypersensitivity - ANS "Excessive or inappropriate activation of the immune system"
release of mast cell mediators - ANS what is an immediate response following type I
hypersensitivity?
, type I - ANS which type of hypersensitivity would allergic reactions fall under?
type IV - ANS delayed hypersensitivity is what type?
immune complex mediated - ANS what is type III hypersensitivity?
antibody mediated - ANS what is type II hypersensitivity?
type I (IgE mediated allergic reactions) - ANS "Urticaria (hives), allergic rhinitis (hay fever),
atopic dermatitis, food allergies, some forms of asthma" are common symptoms of what type of
hypersensitivity?
local - ANS what does atopic mean?
c - ANS which of the following is a major produce of histamine in the body
a. lymphocytes
b. basophils
c. mast cells
d. neutrophils
H2 - ANS which histamine is responsible for release of HCL?
H1 - ANS which histamine is found on smooth muscle and vascular endothelium?
parietal cells - ANS HCL is secreted by what cells?
H1 - ANS what histamine is responsible for promoting vasodilation and increased permeability
of cells
H2 - ANS which histamine in stomach of parietal cells?
H1 - ANS which histamine is involved in type I hypersensitivity?
cross-linking IgE causes Ca channels to open and enters mast cell which causes degranulation
of histamine - ANS what is the MoA of histamine?
a - ANS in a patient who is experiencing type I hypersensitivity which of the following drugs
would be best effective
a. H1 antagonist
b. H2 antagonist
c. ibuprofen
d. antipyretics
- primary/initial phase response
- neutralize and destroy invading agents
- limits spread of harmful agents to other tissue
- prepares damaged tissue for repair - ANS what are the 3 purposes of inflammation?
pain, heat, redness, swelling, loss of function - ANS what are the 5 cardinal signs of
inflammation in order?
vasodilation - ANS what causes heat in inflammation?
increased permeability - ANS what causes redness in inflammation?
neutrophil emigration - ANS what cause swelling in inflammation?
False; inflammation is usually self-limiting and non-pharmacologic approaches are best - ANS T
or F: inflammation usually requires pharmacologic approaches and can lead to severe clinical
manifestations
NSAIDs - ANS what drugs are best used to reduce inflammation and relieve pain?
inhibit synthesis of COX-1 and COX-2, reducing prostaglandin synthesis - ANS what is the MoA
for ibuprofen?
epidemiology - ANS "study of patterns of disease occurrence"
morbidity - ANS "the effects and long-term consequences an illness has on a person's life."
prevalence - ANS "a measure of an existing disease in a population at a given point in time"
mortality - ANS "causes of death in a given population"
atrophy - ANS "decrease in cell size"
hyperplasia - ANS "increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue capable of mitotic
division, such as the epidermis, intestinal epithelium, and glandular tissue."
hypertrophy - ANS "increase in individual cell size and increase in the amount of functioning
tissue mass."
metaplasia - ANS "reversible change in which one adult cell type (epithelial or mesenchymal) is
replaced by another adult cell type"
,dysplasia - ANS "deranged cell growth of a specific tissue, results in cells that vary in size,
shape, and organization"
hyperplasia - ANS what type of cellular adaption occurs in response to an appropriate stimulus
and ceases after the stimulus has been removed
metaplasia - ANS what type of cellular adaption is chronic gastric irritation with lower
esophageal cells transforming into columnar epithelium
true - ANS T or F: in stem cells, one daughter cell retains the stem cell characteristics, and the
other daughter cell becomes a progenitor cell that proceeds through to terminal differentiation
new growth - ANS what does neoplasia mean?
saliclytes (ASA), COX-2 antagonists, ibuprofen - ANS what are the 3 classes of NSAID's?
IV - ANS What method of administration allows a drug to bypass absorption?
absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion - ANS what does ADME stand for?
excretion - ANS how a drug is removed from the body is referred to as what?
IV - ANS what is the quickest route of administration for a drug?
absorption - ANS how a drug reaches circulation is referred to as what?
distribution - ANS how a drug reaches the target tissue?
metabolism - ANS how a drug is altered by the body is referred to as what?
prostaglandins - ANS COX is an enzyme necessary for the production of _______ which is
known to stimulate inflammation
maintains the lining of the stomach protecting the structures from gastric juice - ANS what is the
function of COX-1?
IgE antibodies - ANS what is type I hypersensitivity mediated by?
hypersensitivity - ANS "Excessive or inappropriate activation of the immune system"
release of mast cell mediators - ANS what is an immediate response following type I
hypersensitivity?
, type I - ANS which type of hypersensitivity would allergic reactions fall under?
type IV - ANS delayed hypersensitivity is what type?
immune complex mediated - ANS what is type III hypersensitivity?
antibody mediated - ANS what is type II hypersensitivity?
type I (IgE mediated allergic reactions) - ANS "Urticaria (hives), allergic rhinitis (hay fever),
atopic dermatitis, food allergies, some forms of asthma" are common symptoms of what type of
hypersensitivity?
local - ANS what does atopic mean?
c - ANS which of the following is a major produce of histamine in the body
a. lymphocytes
b. basophils
c. mast cells
d. neutrophils
H2 - ANS which histamine is responsible for release of HCL?
H1 - ANS which histamine is found on smooth muscle and vascular endothelium?
parietal cells - ANS HCL is secreted by what cells?
H1 - ANS what histamine is responsible for promoting vasodilation and increased permeability
of cells
H2 - ANS which histamine in stomach of parietal cells?
H1 - ANS which histamine is involved in type I hypersensitivity?
cross-linking IgE causes Ca channels to open and enters mast cell which causes degranulation
of histamine - ANS what is the MoA of histamine?
a - ANS in a patient who is experiencing type I hypersensitivity which of the following drugs
would be best effective
a. H1 antagonist
b. H2 antagonist
c. ibuprofen
d. antipyretics
- primary/initial phase response
