NURS 5315 UTA EXAM 1: CONCEPT AND
CLINICAL COMPLICATION QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
ActionXPotential:XHypokalemiaXleadsXtoXwhatXcomplicationsX-
XANSWERXPotassiumXleavesXtheXcellXleavingXbehindXnegativeXanions,XcellXhyperpolarizesXmakingXtheXcellXm
oreXnegativeXandXthereforeXlessXexcitable
CC:XWeakness,XSmoothXMuscleXatony,XparathesiasX(pinsXandXneedles),XCardiacXdysrythmias
ActionXPotential:XHyperkalemiaXleadXtoXwhatXcomplicationsX-
XANSWERXIncreasedXpotassiumXwillXcomeXintoXtheXcellXandXmakeXitXmoreXpositive,XdepolarizationXwillXoccu
rXtakingXtheXRMPXcloserXtoXtheXThresholdXpotential.XThisXmakesXcellsXmoreXexcitable.X
CC:XPeakXTXwaves,XWideningXQRSXComplex,Xparalysis,Xparesthesia,Xweakness,XcardiacXdysrhythmia
ActionXPotential:XHypercalcemiaX-
XANSWERXHighXcalciumX(Ca2+)XdecreasesXtheXcellsXpermeabilityXtoXNa+Xions.XCellXbecomesXlessXpositive.XH
yperXpolarizedXandXlessXexcitableX
CC:XWeakness,Xhyporeflexia,Xfatigue,Xlethargy,Xconfusion,Xencephalopathy,XShortedXQTXsegment,XDepress
edXwidenedXTXwaves
ActionXPotential:XHypocalcemiaX-
XANSWERXLessXCalciumXleadsXtoXmoreXperXiXabilityXofXNa+XionsXintoXtheXcell.XTheXcellXbecomesXmoreXpositi
veXandXdepolarizes.XClosedXtoXthresholdXpotentialXmeansXmoreXexcitableXcells.X
CC:XTetanyX(involuntaryXcontractionXofXmuscle),Xhyperreflexia,XcircumoralXparesthesia,Xseizures,Xdysrythmi
as
AtrophyX-
XANSWERXCC:XDecreasedXmuscleXsizeXdueXtoXlackXofXexerciseXorXbedXridden,XreducedXthymusXinXchildrenXas
XtheyXgrow
, HypertrophyX-XANSWERXPhysiologic:XIncreasedXmuscleXsizeXwhenXexercising
Pathologic:XcardiomegalyXinXHTN,XkidneyXgrowthXwhenXoneXkidneyXisXremoved
HyperplasiaX-
XANSWERXPhysiologic:XLiverXregenerationXafterXresection,XuterineXandXmammaryXglandXenlargementXinXpr
egnancyX
Pathologic:XEndometrialXliningXinXresponseXtoXestrogenX(EndometrialXCancer)
MetaplasiaX-
XANSWERXPathologic:XChronicXSmokersXColumnarXcellsXtoXSquamousXcells,XBarrettXEsophagusX(NormalXsqu
amousXepithelialXcellsXreplacedXbyXcolumnarXcells)XinXresponseXtoXheartXburn,XGERD
DysplasiaX-XANSWERXDysplasticXcellsXofXtheXcervixXduringXaXpapsmear,XpreXcancerous
SickleXCellXAnemiaXcanXcauseXwhatXtypeXofXcellXinjury?X-XANSWERXHypoxicXinjury
AXdecreaseXinXtheXproductionXofXredXbloodXcellsXhappensXwithXwhatXtypeXofXconditions?X-
XANSWERXIronXDeficiencyXAnemia
Leukemia
HypoxicXinjuryXofXtheXmuscleXcellsXincludingXtheXheartXwillXreleaseXwhichXenzyme?X-
XANSWERXCreatinineXKinase
HypoxicXinjuryXifXtheXmuscleXcells,XliverXcells,XlungXcells,Xheart,XRBC,XandXbrainXwillXreleaseXwhichXenzyme?X
-XANSWERXLDHX(LactateXDehydrogenase)
WhatXfreeXradicalXplaysXaXpartXinXallXofXtheXfollowingXconditions:XHeartXDisease,XAlzheimer'sXDisease,XParki
nson'sXDisease,XAmyotrophicXLateralXSclerosisX-XANSWERXReactiveXOxygenXSpeciesX(ROS)
CLINICAL COMPLICATION QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
ActionXPotential:XHypokalemiaXleadsXtoXwhatXcomplicationsX-
XANSWERXPotassiumXleavesXtheXcellXleavingXbehindXnegativeXanions,XcellXhyperpolarizesXmakingXtheXcellXm
oreXnegativeXandXthereforeXlessXexcitable
CC:XWeakness,XSmoothXMuscleXatony,XparathesiasX(pinsXandXneedles),XCardiacXdysrythmias
ActionXPotential:XHyperkalemiaXleadXtoXwhatXcomplicationsX-
XANSWERXIncreasedXpotassiumXwillXcomeXintoXtheXcellXandXmakeXitXmoreXpositive,XdepolarizationXwillXoccu
rXtakingXtheXRMPXcloserXtoXtheXThresholdXpotential.XThisXmakesXcellsXmoreXexcitable.X
CC:XPeakXTXwaves,XWideningXQRSXComplex,Xparalysis,Xparesthesia,Xweakness,XcardiacXdysrhythmia
ActionXPotential:XHypercalcemiaX-
XANSWERXHighXcalciumX(Ca2+)XdecreasesXtheXcellsXpermeabilityXtoXNa+Xions.XCellXbecomesXlessXpositive.XH
yperXpolarizedXandXlessXexcitableX
CC:XWeakness,Xhyporeflexia,Xfatigue,Xlethargy,Xconfusion,Xencephalopathy,XShortedXQTXsegment,XDepress
edXwidenedXTXwaves
ActionXPotential:XHypocalcemiaX-
XANSWERXLessXCalciumXleadsXtoXmoreXperXiXabilityXofXNa+XionsXintoXtheXcell.XTheXcellXbecomesXmoreXpositi
veXandXdepolarizes.XClosedXtoXthresholdXpotentialXmeansXmoreXexcitableXcells.X
CC:XTetanyX(involuntaryXcontractionXofXmuscle),Xhyperreflexia,XcircumoralXparesthesia,Xseizures,Xdysrythmi
as
AtrophyX-
XANSWERXCC:XDecreasedXmuscleXsizeXdueXtoXlackXofXexerciseXorXbedXridden,XreducedXthymusXinXchildrenXas
XtheyXgrow
, HypertrophyX-XANSWERXPhysiologic:XIncreasedXmuscleXsizeXwhenXexercising
Pathologic:XcardiomegalyXinXHTN,XkidneyXgrowthXwhenXoneXkidneyXisXremoved
HyperplasiaX-
XANSWERXPhysiologic:XLiverXregenerationXafterXresection,XuterineXandXmammaryXglandXenlargementXinXpr
egnancyX
Pathologic:XEndometrialXliningXinXresponseXtoXestrogenX(EndometrialXCancer)
MetaplasiaX-
XANSWERXPathologic:XChronicXSmokersXColumnarXcellsXtoXSquamousXcells,XBarrettXEsophagusX(NormalXsqu
amousXepithelialXcellsXreplacedXbyXcolumnarXcells)XinXresponseXtoXheartXburn,XGERD
DysplasiaX-XANSWERXDysplasticXcellsXofXtheXcervixXduringXaXpapsmear,XpreXcancerous
SickleXCellXAnemiaXcanXcauseXwhatXtypeXofXcellXinjury?X-XANSWERXHypoxicXinjury
AXdecreaseXinXtheXproductionXofXredXbloodXcellsXhappensXwithXwhatXtypeXofXconditions?X-
XANSWERXIronXDeficiencyXAnemia
Leukemia
HypoxicXinjuryXofXtheXmuscleXcellsXincludingXtheXheartXwillXreleaseXwhichXenzyme?X-
XANSWERXCreatinineXKinase
HypoxicXinjuryXifXtheXmuscleXcells,XliverXcells,XlungXcells,Xheart,XRBC,XandXbrainXwillXreleaseXwhichXenzyme?X
-XANSWERXLDHX(LactateXDehydrogenase)
WhatXfreeXradicalXplaysXaXpartXinXallXofXtheXfollowingXconditions:XHeartXDisease,XAlzheimer'sXDisease,XParki
nson'sXDisease,XAmyotrophicXLateralXSclerosisX-XANSWERXReactiveXOxygenXSpeciesX(ROS)
