,Chapter301:3Nursing3Today
Potter:3Fundamentals3of3Nursing,311th3Edition
MULTIPLE3CHOICE
1. Which3nurse3most3likely3kept3records3on3sanitation3techniques3and3the3effects3on3health?
a. Florence3Nightingale
b. Mary3Nutting
c. Clara3Barton
d. Lillian3Wald
ANS:3 A
Nightingale3was3the3first3practicing3nurse3epidemiologist.3Her3statistical3analyses3connected3p
oor3sanitation3with3cholera3and3dysentery.3Mary3Nutting,3Clara3Barton,3and3Lillian3Wald3cam
e3after3Nightingale,3each3contributing3to3the3nursing3profession3in3her3own3way.3Mary3Nutting
3was3instrumental3in3moving3nursing3education3into3universities.3Clara3Barton3founded3the3Am
erican3Red3Cross.3Lillian3Wald3helped3open3the3Henry3Street3Settlement.
DIF:Understand3(comprehension)
OBJ:Discuss3the3influence3of3social,3historical,3political,3and3economic3changes3on3nursing3practices.
TOP: Evaluation MSC:3 Health3Promotion3and3Maintenance
2. The3nurse3prescribes3strategies3and3alternatives3to3attain3expected3outcome.3Which3standard3of3
nursing3practice3is3the3nurse3following?
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
ANS:3 C
In3planning,3the3registered3nurse3develops3a3plan3that3prescribes3strategies3and3alternatives3to3a
ttain3expected3outcomes.3During3assessment,3the3registered3nurse3collects3comprehensive3data
3pertinent3to3the3patient’s3health3and/or3the3situation.3In3diagnosis,3the3registered3nurse3analyze
s3the3assessment3data3to3determine3the3diagnoses3or3issues.3During3implementation,3the3register
ed3nurse3implements3(carries3out)3the3identified3plan.
DIF:Understand3(comprehension)
OBJ:Discuss3the3development3of3professional3nursing3roles.
TOP:3 Planning3
MSC:3 Management3of3Care
3. An3experienced3medical-
surgical3nurse3chooses3to3work3in3obstetrics.3Which3level3of3proficiency3is3the3nurse3
upon3initial3transition3to3the3obstetrical3floor?
a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advanced3beginner
ANS:3 A
, A3beginning3nursing3student3or3any3nurse3entering3a3situation3in3which3there3is3no3previous3le
vel3of3experience3(e.g.,3an3experienced3operating3room3nurse3chooses3to3now3practice3in3hom
e3health)3is3an3example3of3a3novice3nurse.3A3proficient3nurse3perceives3a3patient’s3clinical3situ
ation3as3a3whole,3is3able3to3assess3an3entire3situation,3and3can3readily3transfer3knowledge3gain
ed3from3multiple3previous3experiences3to3a3situation.3A3competent3nurse3understands3the3orga
nization3and3specific3care3required3by3the3type3of3patients3(e.g.,3surgical,3oncology,3or3orthope
dic3patients).3This3nurse3is3a3competent3practitioner3who3is3able3to3anticipate3nursing3care3and
3establish3long-
range3goals.3A3nurse3who3has3had3some3level3of3experience3with3the3situation3is3an3advanced3
beginner.3This3experience3may3only3be3observational3in3nature,3but3the3nurse3is3able3to3identif
y3meaningful3aspects3or3principles3of3nursing3care.
DIF:Apply3(application)
OBJ:Discuss3the3development3of3professional3nursing3roles.
TOP:3 Evaluation3
MSC:3 Management3of3Care
4. A3nurse3assesses3a3patient’s3fluid3status3and3decides3that3the3patient3needs3to3drink3more3fluids.3
The3nurse3then3encourages3the3patient3to3drink3more3fluids.3Which3concept3is3the3nurse3demon
strating?
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
ANS:3 B
Autonomy3is3an3essential3element3of3professional3nursing3that3involves3the3initiation3of3indep
endent3nursing3interventions3without3medical3orders.3To3obtain3licensure3in3the3United3States,
3the3RN3candidate3must3pass3the3NCLEX-RN.3Beyond3the3NCLEX-
RN,3the3nurse3may3choose3to3work3toward3certification3in3a3specific3area3of3nursing3practic
e.3Accountability3means3that3you3are3responsible,3professionally3and3legally,3for3the3type3and3
quality3of3nursing3care3provided.
DIF:Apply3(application)
OBJ:Discuss3the3roles3and3career3opportunities3for3nurses.
TOP:3 Implementation3
MSC:3 Management3of3Care
5. A3nurse3prepares3the3budget3and3policies3for3an3intensive3care3unit.3Which3role3is3the3nurse3
implementing?
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ANS:3 B
, A3manager3coordinates3the3activities3of3members3of3the3nursing3staff3in3delivering3nursing3car
e3and3has3personnel,3policy,3and3budgetary3responsibility3for3a3specific3nursing3unit3or3facility.
3As3an3educator,3 you3explain3concepts3and3facts3about3health,3describe3the3reason3for3routine3c
are3activities,3demonstrate3procedures3such3as3self-
care3activities,3reinforce3learning3or3patient3behavior,3and3evaluate3the3patient’s3progress3in3le
arning.3As3a3patient3advocate,3you3protect3your3patient’s3human3and3legal3rights3and3provide3as
sistance3in3asserting3these3rights3if3the3need3arises.3As3a3caregiver,3you3help3patients3maintain3a
nd3regain3health,3manage3disease3and3symptoms,3and3attain3a3maximal3level3function3and3inde
pendence3through3the3healing3process.
DIF:Apply3(application)
OBJ:Discuss3the3roles3and3career3opportunities3for3nurses.
TOP:3 Implementation3
MSC:3 Management3of3Care
6. The3nurse3has3been3working3in3the3clinical3setting3for3several3years3as3an3advanced3practice3
nurse.3However,3the3nurse3has3a3strong3desire3to3pursue3research3and3theory3development.3To3
fulfill3this3desire,3which3program3should3the3nurse3attend?
a. Doctor3of3Nursing3Science3degree3(DNSc)
b. Doctor3of3Philosophy3degree3(PhD)
c. Doctor3of3Nursing3Practice3degree3(DNP)
d. Doctor3in3the3Science3of3Nursing3degree3(DSN)
ANS:3 B
Some3doctoral3programs3prepare3nurses3for3more3rigorous3research3and3theory3development3a
nd3award3the3research-
oriented3Doctor3of3Philosophy3(PhD)3in3nursing.3Professional3doctoral3programs3in3nursing3(D
SN3or3DNSc)3prepare3graduates3to3apply3research3findings3to3clinical3nursing.3The3DNP3is3a3p
ractice3doctorate3that3prepares3advanced3practice3nurses3such3as3nurse3practitioners.
DIF:Understand3(comprehension)
OBJ:Compare3and3contrast3the3educational3programs3available3for3professional3registered3nurse3(RN
)3education. TOP:3 Teaching/Learning MSC:3 Management3of3Care
7. A3nurse3attends3a3workshop3on3current3nursing3issues3provided3by3the3American3Nurses3
Association.3Which3type3of3education3did3the3nurse3receive?
a. Graduate3education
b. Inservice3education
c. Continuing3education
d. Registered3nurse3education
ANS:3 C
Continuing3education3involves3formal,3organized3educational3programs3offered3by3universitie
s,3hospitals,3state3nurses3associations,3professional3nursing3organizations,3and3educational3and3
health3care3institutions.3After3obtaining3a3baccalaureate3degree3in3nursing,3you3can3pursue3grad
uate3education3leading3to3a3master’s3or3doctoral3degree3in3any3number3of3graduate3fields,3inclu
ding3nursing.3Inservice3education3programs3are3instruction3or3training3provided3by3a3health3car
e3facility3or3institution.3Registered3nurse3education3is3the3education3preparation3for3an3individu
al3intending3to3be3an3RN.
DIF:Apply3(application)
OBJ:Compare3and3contrast3the3educational3programs3available3for3professional3registered3nurse3(RN)
Potter:3Fundamentals3of3Nursing,311th3Edition
MULTIPLE3CHOICE
1. Which3nurse3most3likely3kept3records3on3sanitation3techniques3and3the3effects3on3health?
a. Florence3Nightingale
b. Mary3Nutting
c. Clara3Barton
d. Lillian3Wald
ANS:3 A
Nightingale3was3the3first3practicing3nurse3epidemiologist.3Her3statistical3analyses3connected3p
oor3sanitation3with3cholera3and3dysentery.3Mary3Nutting,3Clara3Barton,3and3Lillian3Wald3cam
e3after3Nightingale,3each3contributing3to3the3nursing3profession3in3her3own3way.3Mary3Nutting
3was3instrumental3in3moving3nursing3education3into3universities.3Clara3Barton3founded3the3Am
erican3Red3Cross.3Lillian3Wald3helped3open3the3Henry3Street3Settlement.
DIF:Understand3(comprehension)
OBJ:Discuss3the3influence3of3social,3historical,3political,3and3economic3changes3on3nursing3practices.
TOP: Evaluation MSC:3 Health3Promotion3and3Maintenance
2. The3nurse3prescribes3strategies3and3alternatives3to3attain3expected3outcome.3Which3standard3of3
nursing3practice3is3the3nurse3following?
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
ANS:3 C
In3planning,3the3registered3nurse3develops3a3plan3that3prescribes3strategies3and3alternatives3to3a
ttain3expected3outcomes.3During3assessment,3the3registered3nurse3collects3comprehensive3data
3pertinent3to3the3patient’s3health3and/or3the3situation.3In3diagnosis,3the3registered3nurse3analyze
s3the3assessment3data3to3determine3the3diagnoses3or3issues.3During3implementation,3the3register
ed3nurse3implements3(carries3out)3the3identified3plan.
DIF:Understand3(comprehension)
OBJ:Discuss3the3development3of3professional3nursing3roles.
TOP:3 Planning3
MSC:3 Management3of3Care
3. An3experienced3medical-
surgical3nurse3chooses3to3work3in3obstetrics.3Which3level3of3proficiency3is3the3nurse3
upon3initial3transition3to3the3obstetrical3floor?
a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advanced3beginner
ANS:3 A
, A3beginning3nursing3student3or3any3nurse3entering3a3situation3in3which3there3is3no3previous3le
vel3of3experience3(e.g.,3an3experienced3operating3room3nurse3chooses3to3now3practice3in3hom
e3health)3is3an3example3of3a3novice3nurse.3A3proficient3nurse3perceives3a3patient’s3clinical3situ
ation3as3a3whole,3is3able3to3assess3an3entire3situation,3and3can3readily3transfer3knowledge3gain
ed3from3multiple3previous3experiences3to3a3situation.3A3competent3nurse3understands3the3orga
nization3and3specific3care3required3by3the3type3of3patients3(e.g.,3surgical,3oncology,3or3orthope
dic3patients).3This3nurse3is3a3competent3practitioner3who3is3able3to3anticipate3nursing3care3and
3establish3long-
range3goals.3A3nurse3who3has3had3some3level3of3experience3with3the3situation3is3an3advanced3
beginner.3This3experience3may3only3be3observational3in3nature,3but3the3nurse3is3able3to3identif
y3meaningful3aspects3or3principles3of3nursing3care.
DIF:Apply3(application)
OBJ:Discuss3the3development3of3professional3nursing3roles.
TOP:3 Evaluation3
MSC:3 Management3of3Care
4. A3nurse3assesses3a3patient’s3fluid3status3and3decides3that3the3patient3needs3to3drink3more3fluids.3
The3nurse3then3encourages3the3patient3to3drink3more3fluids.3Which3concept3is3the3nurse3demon
strating?
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
ANS:3 B
Autonomy3is3an3essential3element3of3professional3nursing3that3involves3the3initiation3of3indep
endent3nursing3interventions3without3medical3orders.3To3obtain3licensure3in3the3United3States,
3the3RN3candidate3must3pass3the3NCLEX-RN.3Beyond3the3NCLEX-
RN,3the3nurse3may3choose3to3work3toward3certification3in3a3specific3area3of3nursing3practic
e.3Accountability3means3that3you3are3responsible,3professionally3and3legally,3for3the3type3and3
quality3of3nursing3care3provided.
DIF:Apply3(application)
OBJ:Discuss3the3roles3and3career3opportunities3for3nurses.
TOP:3 Implementation3
MSC:3 Management3of3Care
5. A3nurse3prepares3the3budget3and3policies3for3an3intensive3care3unit.3Which3role3is3the3nurse3
implementing?
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ANS:3 B
, A3manager3coordinates3the3activities3of3members3of3the3nursing3staff3in3delivering3nursing3car
e3and3has3personnel,3policy,3and3budgetary3responsibility3for3a3specific3nursing3unit3or3facility.
3As3an3educator,3 you3explain3concepts3and3facts3about3health,3describe3the3reason3for3routine3c
are3activities,3demonstrate3procedures3such3as3self-
care3activities,3reinforce3learning3or3patient3behavior,3and3evaluate3the3patient’s3progress3in3le
arning.3As3a3patient3advocate,3you3protect3your3patient’s3human3and3legal3rights3and3provide3as
sistance3in3asserting3these3rights3if3the3need3arises.3As3a3caregiver,3you3help3patients3maintain3a
nd3regain3health,3manage3disease3and3symptoms,3and3attain3a3maximal3level3function3and3inde
pendence3through3the3healing3process.
DIF:Apply3(application)
OBJ:Discuss3the3roles3and3career3opportunities3for3nurses.
TOP:3 Implementation3
MSC:3 Management3of3Care
6. The3nurse3has3been3working3in3the3clinical3setting3for3several3years3as3an3advanced3practice3
nurse.3However,3the3nurse3has3a3strong3desire3to3pursue3research3and3theory3development.3To3
fulfill3this3desire,3which3program3should3the3nurse3attend?
a. Doctor3of3Nursing3Science3degree3(DNSc)
b. Doctor3of3Philosophy3degree3(PhD)
c. Doctor3of3Nursing3Practice3degree3(DNP)
d. Doctor3in3the3Science3of3Nursing3degree3(DSN)
ANS:3 B
Some3doctoral3programs3prepare3nurses3for3more3rigorous3research3and3theory3development3a
nd3award3the3research-
oriented3Doctor3of3Philosophy3(PhD)3in3nursing.3Professional3doctoral3programs3in3nursing3(D
SN3or3DNSc)3prepare3graduates3to3apply3research3findings3to3clinical3nursing.3The3DNP3is3a3p
ractice3doctorate3that3prepares3advanced3practice3nurses3such3as3nurse3practitioners.
DIF:Understand3(comprehension)
OBJ:Compare3and3contrast3the3educational3programs3available3for3professional3registered3nurse3(RN
)3education. TOP:3 Teaching/Learning MSC:3 Management3of3Care
7. A3nurse3attends3a3workshop3on3current3nursing3issues3provided3by3the3American3Nurses3
Association.3Which3type3of3education3did3the3nurse3receive?
a. Graduate3education
b. Inservice3education
c. Continuing3education
d. Registered3nurse3education
ANS:3 C
Continuing3education3involves3formal,3organized3educational3programs3offered3by3universitie
s,3hospitals,3state3nurses3associations,3professional3nursing3organizations,3and3educational3and3
health3care3institutions.3After3obtaining3a3baccalaureate3degree3in3nursing,3you3can3pursue3grad
uate3education3leading3to3a3master’s3or3doctoral3degree3in3any3number3of3graduate3fields,3inclu
ding3nursing.3Inservice3education3programs3are3instruction3or3training3provided3by3a3health3car
e3facility3or3institution.3Registered3nurse3education3is3the3education3preparation3for3an3individu
al3intending3to3be3an3RN.
DIF:Apply3(application)
OBJ:Compare3and3contrast3the3educational3programs3available3for3professional3registered3nurse3(RN)
