BIOL 373 Final Exam with 100% correct answers

BIOL 373 Final Exam

First Unit - correct answer ✔✔



Segmental Contraction - correct answer ✔✔mixing/churning



maximizes exposure to digestive enzymes and epithelium



alternate segments contract



little or no net movement forward



Gut Motility - correct answer ✔✔most gut muscle is a single unit of smooth muscle connected by gap
junctions

contract as a single unit



1) Tonic contraction

2) Phasic contraction



Between meals:

-migrating motor complexes



During/after meal:

-peristaltic contractions

-segmental contractions



Tonic Contraction - correct answer ✔✔mins to hrs

, anterior part of stomach is tonically contracted

- keeps food from moving backwards)

- smooth muscle sphincters



Phasic Contraction - correct answer ✔✔secs



posterior stomach

small intestine



Slow Wave Potentials - correct answer ✔✔



Regulation of GI Function (3) - correct answer ✔✔1) Long reflexes, integrated in CNS



2) short reflexes, integrated within gut (enteric nervous system)



3) reflexes involving gut peptides (paracrine or travel via blood - endocrine)



Secretions in the Gut - correct answer ✔✔1) water and ions (into lumen, then reabsorbed)

2) enzymes

3) mucus

4) saliva

5) bile (from liver)



Secretion of Water and Ions - correct answer ✔✔(Na+, Cl-, K+, HCO3-, H+)



ions secreted via membrane transporters

water follows osmotic gradient



paracellular route