LIABILITY CLAIMS QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
NegligenceP-
PANSWERPThePfailurePtoPexercisePthePdegreePofPcarePthatPaPreasonablePpersonPinPaPsimilarPsituationPwouldP
exercisePtoPavoidPharmingPothers.
TortP-
PANSWERPAPwrongfulPactPorPanPomission,PotherPthanPaPcrimePorPaPbreachPofPcontract,PthatPinvadesPaPlegall
yPprotectedPright.
TortfeasorP-PANSWERPAPpersonPorPanPorganizationPthatPhasPcommittedPaPtort.
PlaintiffP-PANSWERPThePpersonPorPentityPwhoPfilesPaPlawsuitPandPisPnamedPasPaPparty.
DefendantP-PANSWERPThePpartyPinPaPlawsuitPagainstPwhomPaPcomplaintPisPfiled.
LegalPdutyP-
PANSWERPAnPelementPofPnegligencePthatPexistsPwhenPpartiesParePinPsuchPaPrelationshipPthatPthePlawPimpo
sesPonPonePpartyPthePresponsibilityPforPthePexercisePofPcarePtowardPthePotherPparty.
StatuteP-PANSWERPAPwrittenPlawPpassedPbyPaPlegislativePbodyPatPeitherPthePfederalPorPstatePlevel.
ContractP-PANSWERPAPlegallyPenforceablePagreementPbetweenPtwoPorPmorePparties.
CommonPlawP(casePlaw)P-
PANSWERPLawsPthatPdevelopPoutPofPcourtPdecisionsPinPparticularPcasesPandPestablishPprecedentsPforPfuture
Pcases.
ReasonablePpersonPtestP-
PANSWERPAPstandardPforPthePdegreePofPcarePexercisedPinPaPsituationPthatPisPmeasuredPbyPwhatPaPreasonabl
yPcautiousPpersonPwouldPorPwouldPnotPdoPunderPsimilarPcircumstances.
, CommonPcarriersP-
PANSWERPAirlines,Prailroads,PorPtruckingPcompaniesPthatPfurnishPtransportationPtoPanyPmemberPofPthePpu
blicPseekingPtheirPofferedPservices.
ProximatePcauseP-
PANSWERPAPcausePthat,PinPaPnaturalPandPcontinuousPsequencePunbrokenPbyPanyPnewPandPindependentPca
use,PproducesPanPeventPandPwithoutPwhichPthePeventPwouldPnotPhavePhappened.
"ButPfor"PruleP-
PANSWERPAPrulePusedPtoPdeterminePwhetherPaPdefendant'sPactPwasPthePproximatePcausePofPaPplaintiff'sPha
rmPbasedPonPthePdeterminationPthatPthePplaintiff'sPharmPcouldPnotPhavePoccurredPbutPforPthePdefendant'sP
act.
SubstantialPfactorPruleP-
PANSWERPAPrulePusedPtoPdeterminePproximatePcausePofPaPlossPbyPdeterminingPwhichPofPthePactsParePsignifi
cantPfactorsPinPcausingPthePharm.
ForeseeabilityPruleP-
PANSWERPAPrulePusedPtoPdeterminePproximatePcausePwhenPaPplaintiff'sPharmPisPthePnaturalPandPprobableP
consequencePofPthePdefendant'sPwrongfulPactPandPwhenPanPordinarilyPreasonablePpersonPwouldPhavePfore
seenPthePharm.
InterveningPactP-
PANSWERPAnPact,PindependentPofPanPoriginalPactPandPnotPreadilyPforeseeable,PthatPbreaksPthePchainPofPcau
sationPandPsetsPaPnewPchainPofPeventsPinPmotionPthatPcausesPharm.
ConcurrentPcausationP(concurrentPcausationPdoctrine)P-
PANSWERPAPlegalPdoctrinePstatingPthatPifPaPlossPcanPbePattributedPtoPtwoPorPmorePindependentPconcurrentP
causes—onePorPmorePexcludedPbyPthePpolicyPandPonePcovered—thenPthePpolicyPcoversPthePloss.
NegligencePperPseP-
PANSWERPAnPactPthatPisPconsideredPinherentlyPnegligentPbecausePofPaPviolationPofPaPlawPorPanPordinance.