CARDIOPULMONARY ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 2024 WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Internal respiration - ANSWER-Between the blood and tissues
External respiration - ANSWER-Atmosphere and blood
Nose - ANSWER-functions to filter, warm, and humidify inspired air.
Filtering is the first defense against inspiring microorganisms
Alveolar ducts - ANSWER-Next generation, after respiratory bronchioles
open into blind terminal units called alveolar sacs and the alveoli.
ventilation - ANSWER-the process of moving o2 into the lungs and co2 out
of the lungs
respiration - ANSWER-gas exchange moving o2 and co2 between the
atmosphere and the blood.
Inspired air - ANSWER-air we take in that contains mostly oxygen
expired air - ANSWER-air released, c02
Nasal fossae - ANSWER-Nasal cavity is divided by the nasal septum
forming 2 nasal fossa
Choncha (turbinates) - ANSWER-Creates turbulence and increases surface
area of the nasal cavities. this portion of the nose works to warm and
moisten the air we breath
,Superior, inferior, and middle meatus - ANSWER-passages created by the
concha
Hard palate - ANSWER-Anterior 3/4 of nasal cavity floor, formed by the
maxillary bone
Counter currrent blood flow - ANSWER-keeps temp regulated in the nose.
blood flow is circulating to keep the temperature regulated throughout the
nose.
Arterioveneous anastomoses - ANSWER-Artial blood and venious blood
mix to help with heating and humidifying
Endotracheal Tube - ANSWER-Goes into the glottis between the vocal cord,
then into the trachea. The tube causes the trachea to get dry and sticky
and heating and humidifying must take place to prevent clogging and
infection.
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia VAP - ANSWER-Patients receiving
mechanical ventilation and therefore require endotracheal intubation are
susceptible to developing a lung infection called VAP, because of
secretions aspirating in the trachea. (patients must receive heat and
humidification)
Nasopharynx - ANSWER-connects the nose to the mouth and allows us to
breath through our nose/ provides immune defense against infectious
agents
Oropharynx - ANSWER-Back of the mouth, behind the oral cavities. Back
walls of the throat, and the tonsils. Contain structures that provide
immunological defense against infectious agents
, Laryngopharynx - ANSWER-where both air and food pass. It can be found
between the hyoid bone and the larynx and esophagus, which helps guide
food and air where to go.
Pharyngeal reflex - ANSWER-Ensures that food and liquids are not
aspirated into the lungs. Prevents the tongue and soft tissues from
completely and partially obstructing the upper airway.
Lost in deeply unconscious patients (requires artificial airway with inflated
cuff)
Sniffing position - ANSWER-Used to relieve upper airway obstruction
Obstructive Sleep Apnea - ANSWER-Can be diagnosed using
polysomnography (sleep test). Can cause serious health issues.
Result of the loss of the pharyngeal refelx
Soft palate - ANSWER-Posterior 1/4 of the nasal cavity. Formed by
cartilage. The soft palate seperates the nasopharynx and the oropharynx
Uvula - ANSWER-"valve" closes so food does not go into the nasal cavity
Squamous nonciliated epithelium - ANSWER-The anterior 1/3 portion of the
nose is lined with
Pseudostrateified ciliated columnar epithelium - ANSWER-Lines the
posterior 2/3 of the nose. Contains mucous secreting glands known as
respiratory mucosa.
Atelectasis - ANSWER-Partial collapse of the lung or complete collapse of
a lobe of the lung. It occurs when the tiny air sacs (alveoli) within the lung
become deflated or possibly filled with alveolar fluid.
EXAM 2024 WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Internal respiration - ANSWER-Between the blood and tissues
External respiration - ANSWER-Atmosphere and blood
Nose - ANSWER-functions to filter, warm, and humidify inspired air.
Filtering is the first defense against inspiring microorganisms
Alveolar ducts - ANSWER-Next generation, after respiratory bronchioles
open into blind terminal units called alveolar sacs and the alveoli.
ventilation - ANSWER-the process of moving o2 into the lungs and co2 out
of the lungs
respiration - ANSWER-gas exchange moving o2 and co2 between the
atmosphere and the blood.
Inspired air - ANSWER-air we take in that contains mostly oxygen
expired air - ANSWER-air released, c02
Nasal fossae - ANSWER-Nasal cavity is divided by the nasal septum
forming 2 nasal fossa
Choncha (turbinates) - ANSWER-Creates turbulence and increases surface
area of the nasal cavities. this portion of the nose works to warm and
moisten the air we breath
,Superior, inferior, and middle meatus - ANSWER-passages created by the
concha
Hard palate - ANSWER-Anterior 3/4 of nasal cavity floor, formed by the
maxillary bone
Counter currrent blood flow - ANSWER-keeps temp regulated in the nose.
blood flow is circulating to keep the temperature regulated throughout the
nose.
Arterioveneous anastomoses - ANSWER-Artial blood and venious blood
mix to help with heating and humidifying
Endotracheal Tube - ANSWER-Goes into the glottis between the vocal cord,
then into the trachea. The tube causes the trachea to get dry and sticky
and heating and humidifying must take place to prevent clogging and
infection.
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia VAP - ANSWER-Patients receiving
mechanical ventilation and therefore require endotracheal intubation are
susceptible to developing a lung infection called VAP, because of
secretions aspirating in the trachea. (patients must receive heat and
humidification)
Nasopharynx - ANSWER-connects the nose to the mouth and allows us to
breath through our nose/ provides immune defense against infectious
agents
Oropharynx - ANSWER-Back of the mouth, behind the oral cavities. Back
walls of the throat, and the tonsils. Contain structures that provide
immunological defense against infectious agents
, Laryngopharynx - ANSWER-where both air and food pass. It can be found
between the hyoid bone and the larynx and esophagus, which helps guide
food and air where to go.
Pharyngeal reflex - ANSWER-Ensures that food and liquids are not
aspirated into the lungs. Prevents the tongue and soft tissues from
completely and partially obstructing the upper airway.
Lost in deeply unconscious patients (requires artificial airway with inflated
cuff)
Sniffing position - ANSWER-Used to relieve upper airway obstruction
Obstructive Sleep Apnea - ANSWER-Can be diagnosed using
polysomnography (sleep test). Can cause serious health issues.
Result of the loss of the pharyngeal refelx
Soft palate - ANSWER-Posterior 1/4 of the nasal cavity. Formed by
cartilage. The soft palate seperates the nasopharynx and the oropharynx
Uvula - ANSWER-"valve" closes so food does not go into the nasal cavity
Squamous nonciliated epithelium - ANSWER-The anterior 1/3 portion of the
nose is lined with
Pseudostrateified ciliated columnar epithelium - ANSWER-Lines the
posterior 2/3 of the nose. Contains mucous secreting glands known as
respiratory mucosa.
Atelectasis - ANSWER-Partial collapse of the lung or complete collapse of
a lobe of the lung. It occurs when the tiny air sacs (alveoli) within the lung
become deflated or possibly filled with alveolar fluid.
