KPALS 2020 LOW FLOW O2 SYSTEMS
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
A low flow delivery system does what? - Delivers air through a nasal cannula or a simple mask that does
not fit tightly against the childs face.
Low flow systems provide how much inspired O2 concentration?
Who uses them? - 22- 60%
Used for stable children who require a low inspired O2 concentration, such a when a child is not in
severe respiratory distress or shock
Examples of low flow systems? - Nasal cannula and simple mask
O2 flow rate for nasal cannula - 0.25 to 4 L/min
Simple mask flow rate? - 6-10 L/min Inspired O2 concentration of 35- 60%
Why cant the simple mask deliver inspired O2 concentration greater than 60%? - Because room air
enters between the mask and face during inspiration
high flow O2 delivery systems do what? Flow rate?
When should they be used?
Most common example of High flow O2 system? - Deliver O2 concentration 60% or greater (95%) . Flow
rate is 10L.
Used in emergency situations whenever the child has respiratory distress or shock
Nonrebreathing mask
Nonrebreathing mask valves do what? - A valve in 1 or both exhalation ports to prevent room air from
entering during inspiration
, Valve between reservoir bag and mask to prevent flow of exhaled gas into reservoir
How do you prevent bag collapse in nonrebreather? - Adjust O2 flow rate into mask. Greater than 10L
During inspiration how much O2 is drawn by the child with a nonrebreather? - 100% from the reservoir
bag and O2 inflow
High Flow nasal cannula - O2 can be adjusted from 4 L in infants up to 40 L or more in adolescents.
Deliver a combo of room air and oxygen.
Gas flow for nebulizer? How long? - 5-6L/min
8-10 min
Does skin pigment affect accuracy or function of the pulse oximeter? - False
What must you confirm with a pulse ox? - Confirm validity of oximeter data by evaluating Childs
appearance. Also compare HR displayed by pulse ox with HR displayed by the bedside monitor
respiratory arrest - The absence of respirations (apnea) with detectable cardiac activity. Must provide
rescue breathing to prevent cardiac arrest
When should endotracheal intubation be considered? - If the child is unstable to maintain effective
airway, oxygenation, or ventilation despite initial intervention.
DOPE - Displacement
Obstruction
Pneumothorax
Equipment failure
Could cause deterioration of the pt
If a pts condition deteriorates you first must do what? - Supply oxygenation and ventilation. Rapidly
assess the child to figure out cause of crashing. Hand ventilate with bag
What should you observe while pt is deteriorating on a vent? And what do you check? - Observe chest
rise and symmetry
Auscultate over both sides of anterior chest
Check monitors
Check HR
Suction ET tube
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
A low flow delivery system does what? - Delivers air through a nasal cannula or a simple mask that does
not fit tightly against the childs face.
Low flow systems provide how much inspired O2 concentration?
Who uses them? - 22- 60%
Used for stable children who require a low inspired O2 concentration, such a when a child is not in
severe respiratory distress or shock
Examples of low flow systems? - Nasal cannula and simple mask
O2 flow rate for nasal cannula - 0.25 to 4 L/min
Simple mask flow rate? - 6-10 L/min Inspired O2 concentration of 35- 60%
Why cant the simple mask deliver inspired O2 concentration greater than 60%? - Because room air
enters between the mask and face during inspiration
high flow O2 delivery systems do what? Flow rate?
When should they be used?
Most common example of High flow O2 system? - Deliver O2 concentration 60% or greater (95%) . Flow
rate is 10L.
Used in emergency situations whenever the child has respiratory distress or shock
Nonrebreathing mask
Nonrebreathing mask valves do what? - A valve in 1 or both exhalation ports to prevent room air from
entering during inspiration
, Valve between reservoir bag and mask to prevent flow of exhaled gas into reservoir
How do you prevent bag collapse in nonrebreather? - Adjust O2 flow rate into mask. Greater than 10L
During inspiration how much O2 is drawn by the child with a nonrebreather? - 100% from the reservoir
bag and O2 inflow
High Flow nasal cannula - O2 can be adjusted from 4 L in infants up to 40 L or more in adolescents.
Deliver a combo of room air and oxygen.
Gas flow for nebulizer? How long? - 5-6L/min
8-10 min
Does skin pigment affect accuracy or function of the pulse oximeter? - False
What must you confirm with a pulse ox? - Confirm validity of oximeter data by evaluating Childs
appearance. Also compare HR displayed by pulse ox with HR displayed by the bedside monitor
respiratory arrest - The absence of respirations (apnea) with detectable cardiac activity. Must provide
rescue breathing to prevent cardiac arrest
When should endotracheal intubation be considered? - If the child is unstable to maintain effective
airway, oxygenation, or ventilation despite initial intervention.
DOPE - Displacement
Obstruction
Pneumothorax
Equipment failure
Could cause deterioration of the pt
If a pts condition deteriorates you first must do what? - Supply oxygenation and ventilation. Rapidly
assess the child to figure out cause of crashing. Hand ventilate with bag
What should you observe while pt is deteriorating on a vent? And what do you check? - Observe chest
rise and symmetry
Auscultate over both sides of anterior chest
Check monitors
Check HR
Suction ET tube
