Pathogenic Microbiology Aretakis Lecture Exam ch. 1-5 ||
with 100% Errorless Solutions.
Define Microorganism correct answers small living plant/animal seen only with a microscope
Describe the environmental conditions in which the first microbes lived in correct answers moist
and warm
Describe the diversity of microorganisms correct answers a microorganism ranges from being a
prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Antony Van Leeuwenhoek correct answers first person to observe and describe organisms
accurately
Francesco Redi correct answers (Italy 1668) tested the hypothesis of spontaneous generation
with flies on meat- disproved it
Louis Pasteur correct answers began pasteurizing milk to kill bacteria-father of microbiology
John Tyndal correct answers showed evidence that some microbes have very high heat resistance
and are very difficult to destroy
Robert Koch correct answers developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens
Christian Gram correct answers accidentally discovered dye reactions in 1884 while studying
etiology of disease in Berlin
Joseph Lister correct answers began using disinfectants and antiseptics during surgery
Frederick Griffith correct answers discovered transformations
Alexander Fleming correct answers Creator of penicillin
James Watson, Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin, Maurice Wilkins correct answers
solved/contributed to the discovery of the structure of DNA (twisted ladder shape)
Describe the theory of Spontaneous Generation correct answers (Disproved) theory that
bacteria/organisms "spontaneously" appear.
Disproved by Pasteur that if an object is sterilized/not exposed, it will not grow organisms
Outline how the theory of Spontaneous Generation was disproved correct answers (Francesco
Redi) determined that maggots/flies do not just "come to life" from meat, but that maggots only
form when flies come into contact with meat
, List the types of organisms encountered in the study of Microbiology correct answers Bacteria
Archaea
Eucarya
List 10 important roles of Microorganisms correct answers 1. Biotechnology
2. Bioredemption
3. Bioengineering
4. Genetic Engineering
5. Medical Microbiology
6. evolution
7. waste treatment
8. air
9. food
10. symbolic association
Distinguish the difference between Emerging Diseases and Re-Emerging Diseases (list
examples) correct answers Emerging: (new) N1H1
Reemerging: (old) small pox/measles
Explain why Microorganisms are useful model organisms for study correct answers gives the
ability to examine properties of microbes that may cause disease or lead to possible benefits
List 3 domains and the major characteristics of each correct answers 1. Bacteria- single celled,
primitive nucleus
2. archaea- single celled, primitive nucleus
3. "true membrane" nucleus
List/Describe the kinds of Microorganisms in each of the domains correct answers 1. algae
2. fungi
3. protozoa
Demonstrate how to correctly write the scientific name of an organism correct answers Genus->
Species-> Strain
ex: Escherichia (coli) 157
Virus correct answers multiply/ reproduce ONLY inside the living host cell (intracellular
parasite)
Viroid correct answers short pieces of RNA nucleic acid and no protective protein coat (plant
diseases)
Prion correct answers only protein-no nucleic acid ("mad cow disease)
Describe the size range of Microorganisms correct answers Smallest-Largest :
Viruses, viroids, prions (intracellular agents)
with 100% Errorless Solutions.
Define Microorganism correct answers small living plant/animal seen only with a microscope
Describe the environmental conditions in which the first microbes lived in correct answers moist
and warm
Describe the diversity of microorganisms correct answers a microorganism ranges from being a
prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Antony Van Leeuwenhoek correct answers first person to observe and describe organisms
accurately
Francesco Redi correct answers (Italy 1668) tested the hypothesis of spontaneous generation
with flies on meat- disproved it
Louis Pasteur correct answers began pasteurizing milk to kill bacteria-father of microbiology
John Tyndal correct answers showed evidence that some microbes have very high heat resistance
and are very difficult to destroy
Robert Koch correct answers developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens
Christian Gram correct answers accidentally discovered dye reactions in 1884 while studying
etiology of disease in Berlin
Joseph Lister correct answers began using disinfectants and antiseptics during surgery
Frederick Griffith correct answers discovered transformations
Alexander Fleming correct answers Creator of penicillin
James Watson, Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin, Maurice Wilkins correct answers
solved/contributed to the discovery of the structure of DNA (twisted ladder shape)
Describe the theory of Spontaneous Generation correct answers (Disproved) theory that
bacteria/organisms "spontaneously" appear.
Disproved by Pasteur that if an object is sterilized/not exposed, it will not grow organisms
Outline how the theory of Spontaneous Generation was disproved correct answers (Francesco
Redi) determined that maggots/flies do not just "come to life" from meat, but that maggots only
form when flies come into contact with meat
, List the types of organisms encountered in the study of Microbiology correct answers Bacteria
Archaea
Eucarya
List 10 important roles of Microorganisms correct answers 1. Biotechnology
2. Bioredemption
3. Bioengineering
4. Genetic Engineering
5. Medical Microbiology
6. evolution
7. waste treatment
8. air
9. food
10. symbolic association
Distinguish the difference between Emerging Diseases and Re-Emerging Diseases (list
examples) correct answers Emerging: (new) N1H1
Reemerging: (old) small pox/measles
Explain why Microorganisms are useful model organisms for study correct answers gives the
ability to examine properties of microbes that may cause disease or lead to possible benefits
List 3 domains and the major characteristics of each correct answers 1. Bacteria- single celled,
primitive nucleus
2. archaea- single celled, primitive nucleus
3. "true membrane" nucleus
List/Describe the kinds of Microorganisms in each of the domains correct answers 1. algae
2. fungi
3. protozoa
Demonstrate how to correctly write the scientific name of an organism correct answers Genus->
Species-> Strain
ex: Escherichia (coli) 157
Virus correct answers multiply/ reproduce ONLY inside the living host cell (intracellular
parasite)
Viroid correct answers short pieces of RNA nucleic acid and no protective protein coat (plant
diseases)
Prion correct answers only protein-no nucleic acid ("mad cow disease)
Describe the size range of Microorganisms correct answers Smallest-Largest :
Viruses, viroids, prions (intracellular agents)
